On The Evolution Of Farmer Household Under The Background Of Agricultural Operation Of Scale

"Countries people oriented, food is what matters to the people", the problem of food security is bigger than the sky, as early as the early days after the foundation of new China, Chairman Mao once said that "as food in the hand, we do not panic in the heart". For a country with a population of one billion three hundred million, the stable growth of grain, is always the basis of economic development and social stability,"No matter what happens in the world, as long as people can stuff themselves, everything is right (Mr Deng Xiaoping)". We must make long unremitting efforts to consolidate and strengthen the foundation of agriculture (Mr Jiang Zemin) to ensure food security, China must adhere to rely on our own to achieve it (Mr Hu Jintao),"Chinese bowl should be firmly ended on their hands at any time, and our bowl should be loaded up with the food produced in China (Mr Xi Jinping)". In the21st century, with the rapid advance of urbanization and industrialization, the traditional farmers are experiencing rapid differentiation along the multidimensional geometric path. The phenomenon of "taking off the agriculture" of rural labor force is getting worse; the problem of "whom to farming" in the future of China is increasingly prominent. It is imperative to build a new type of agricultural management system, to promote the scale management of agriculture. First, this is a reflection of stabilizing food production; second, this is the objective requirement of increasing farmers’ income as well as; finally, it is the inevitable requirement of promoting the modernization of agriculture, and improving the efficiency of agricultural management. The report of the eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that we must give priority to the farmer’s managerial authority in building a new type of agricultural management system, CCP’s decision on some major issues concerning comprehensively deepening the reform adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on November12,2013stressed once again that we must uphold the family management as the fundamental status in agriculture, and improve the household management of agriculture on the basis of Household Contract Responsibility System. So, under the background of new economic situation (i.e., urbanization, industrialization and agricultural modernization), what kind of changes will take place to traditional farmers? What path this evolution will be along with? As the most important agricultural management subject, under the background of the operation of scale, how to allocate the resources? What direction and dynamic mechanism this evolution is? How to continue to push forward agricultural scale operation taking farmer household as the main entity? Under the background of food shortage suffering widespread in many parts of the world, it has very important theory value and practical significance to objectively analyze the evolution process of the farmer household and its influencing factors during the course of the evolution of the farmer household, to explore the dynamic mechanism of the implementation of agricultural operation of scale taking farmer household as the main entity, and to put forward policy suggestions on improving the household management of agriculture.On the basis of economics of farmers, agricultural management theory, dynamical systems theory and evolutionary economics, the dissertation deeply expounds the evolution process of the farmer household as the most important subject of agricultural production and operation, discusses in detail the factors affecting farmers scale operation, comprehensively analyzes the problems existing in the process of farmers scale management, absorbing the relevant research results at home and abroad. And then, draws lessons from the research of Singh and etc.(1986), Rosenzweig (1979、1980), Carter and etc.(2002) and Deininger (2005,2007), the paper build a model of farmers’household, by revenue maximization as the goal, accordingly, to explore the resource allocation behavior of farmers household under the background of agricultural scale operation, and empirical analyze dynamic mechanism of the implementation of agricultural operation of scale taking farmer household as the main entity. At last, on the basis of drawing lessons from experiences of agricultural operation of scale of the advanced economies such as Japan, South Korea and China Taiwan, this study puts forward the policy suggestions to perfect the farmers’ household scale operation. Specifically, the main research content of this study makes the following arrangements:First part:introduction of related literatures. Study of literature is the basis of the research, drawing on the outcome of advanced research can make clear the task, ideas and methods of research papers. Based on combing through the western economic theory of "economies of scale" and "returns to scale", the study summarizes comprehensively and systematically related research achievements of agricultural scale operation at home and abroad:the existence of scale effect in agriculture, the realization form of agricultural scale operation, farmers’willingness of agricultural scale operation.Second part:analysis of historical vicissitude of farmers’household. Economic system reform oriented "marketization" promotes the change of farmers’ family from tradition to modern. On the basis of carefully analysis on the historical background, the study deeply discusses the evolution process of farmers household:from the traditional small-scale peasant under the self-sufficient economy, farmers’ collectivization under the movement of People’s Commune, and market-oriented small-scale peasant under the Family Contract Responsibility System to the farmer of scale management under the construction of the new agriculture operation system. And then, analyzes the characteristics of the evolution of the farmer household:part- time transfer of surplus labor force of farmer household, miniaturization and nuclealization of farmer household structure further developed and non-agricultural trend in the production and operation of farmer household.Third part:analysis of the problem of the evolution of farmers’household under the background of agricultural scale management. On the basis of the analysis of the evolution of farmers’household, the study further analysizes the influencing factors of farmer household scale operation, such as the development of rural division of labor and business, the supports of capital and technology, the degree of the marketization of rural economy. And then discusses the problem of the evolution of farmers’ household under the background of agricultural scale management, for example, slow citizenization of peasant workers, poor circulation of rural land, lack of support of rural financial, impact of agricultural management risk, low agricultural comparative benefits, low quality of agriculture operators, and etc..Fourth part:building the model of farmer household. As a basic micro market entity of agricultural production and operation, farmer household is not only a production unit, but also a consumption unit. On the basis of the analysis of economic behavior of farmer household, the study builds a model of farmers’household to explore the conditions of farmers to expand the scale of land management, to hire wage labor to engage in agricultural production, and to expand investment in agriculture, and then analyzes the dynamic mechanism of the implementation of agricultural operation of scale taking farmer household as the main entity. On this basis, using the empirical method to test the mathematical model, the dissertation concludes as follows:non-agricultural employment of farm household is negatively related to the agricultural management profit margins, and positively related to the wage income of non-agricultural employment; the profit margin of agricultural management is negatively related to the lease-out of land, while is positively related to the rent-in of land; The wage of off-farm employment is is positively related to the lease-out of rural land, while is negatively related to the rent-in of rural land.Fifth part:abroad experience reference of promoting agricultural scale operation. In view of agricultural scale operation in East Asia (such as Japan, South Korea and Chinese Taiwan) started from family-run operation on the basis of small-scale scattering operation, its successful experiences and lessons of agricultural scale operation has the reference significance to the agricultural modernization of our country. The thesis analyzes the practical experience of agricultural scale operation in East Asian from the perspective of the cultivation of the entity of agricultural scale operation, the development of agricultural mechanization, the support of money and technology.Sixth part:countermeasures and suggestions of promoting agricultural scale operation taking farmer household as the most important entity. On the basis of the experience for reference, this study discusses the countermeasures and suggestions of promoting agricultural operation of scale of farmer household. The thesis put forward the policy suggestion around cultivating professional farmers, perfecting the circulation of the rural land, promoting off-farm employment and citizenization of peasant workers, and advancing the construction of new type agricultural socialization service system.