Research On The Maturating Conditions,Mechanism And Models Of Technological Achievements

The dissertation points out that the maturating needs for technical achievements are due to the serious "divorce" and imbalance between the abundant supplies of technical achievements and the pressing demands from the industries. In other words, the industries find these technical achievements are immature and impractical, and the technology inventions derived from them cannot be industrialized, which leads to their failure in technological innovation. Thus, the critical crux of technical achievement translating into practical productive forces lies in the maturation of technical achievements. The consequences of neglecting their maturation will cause the following problems, that is, the Research and Development (R&D) achievements cannot be transformed into products, products are not market-oriented, the supporting management and business modes of such products will be unsystematic and ineffective, and the investment will be inadequate. Moreover, the neglect will in turn sever the link between R&D and innovation, affect the quantity and quality of the transformation of technical achievements, and largely weaken the role of technological innovation in promoting economic growth.As a term in Technological Innovation Studies, the maturation of technological achievements refers to the process which starting from the R&D, and ends with the emerging of new industries in markets after repetitive tests within. A general maturating process consists of four stages:basing products or services on technology, market-orienting of products and services, fixing patterns of management and sourcing finance from multiple origins, all of which forms the necessary procedures in industrialization. The maturating process of technical achievements is the parallel integration with the above four stages. The maturating sub-processes of technical achievements and their connections are highly risky and uncertain. The maturating process of technical achievements is not only the process of production and marketing which get scientific and technological experts involved in, but also the process of starting a business by entrepreneurs and the investing and financing process initiated by venture capitalists.Technical support is the starting point of the maturating of technological achievements and the growth of new enterprises. The inherent reason of the maturating is the creativity and novelty of these achievements. The sub-process of basing products or services on technology includes the development of product or service prototype on the basis of knowledge, and the iterative improvement from the product or service prototypes to the quasi-commodities/services. Technical elements in technology ecosystem are mutually related, cross-fertilized, coordinated and co-existent and they also compete with or even replace each other. Moreover, there exist a number of subjective and objective restrictive factors in the sub-process of basing products or services on technology.In the market supporting conditions, market share is one of the important criteria for the maturation of technical achievements. Products continue developing and maturating in their market-orienting process, and the development and maturation of products result from the joint effects of technology and marketing. The process needs to go through the stages of market cultivation, market division, target market selection and realization of product-market-orientation by means of marketing mix in the process of products marketing. Since there are so many risks and uncertainties in the market of innovative products, two coordinated measures should be adopted to attract early pragmatists in the niche market:(1)"Whole products" should be maturated in the processes of basing products on technology and market-orienting of products, and (2) The initial needs of the majority of consumers in the mainstream market should be satisfied by using various marketing strategies and techniques.Technological startups have "Liability of Newness" and the risk of failure in the early stage, and the support from the fixed patterns of management is very important for them to overcome "Liability of Newness" and to achieve the legitimate growth. These startups must integrate various heterogeneous resources in the management of enterprises and innovation in order to maturate an appropriate business mode including value positioning, value operations, value capture and other aspects. In the process of integration of various resources, the management of enterprises and innovation changes from the initial random piece-together to the selective integration, until finally turning into the management integration and fixed patterns based on the integration of information network and technology. The process of management support is the process which makes full use of entrepreneurs’ talents and spirits, and forms a unique business mode by integrating and coordinating various resources so as to produce core competitiveness of and establish a competitive advantage for enterprises in the market.In the maturation of technical achievements, external "financial gap" have always been found in technological startups. Theoretical explanation about the financing difficulties in technological startups is information asymmetry, no difference in interest rates, high financing costs, low reputation and legitimacy of these new ventures. These startups need financial support in various development stages. During the early stage of their development, these startups face the tighter external financing constraints and narrower financing channels, and the capital has more restriction on the development of these enterprises. With the growing and maturating of technological startups, their demand for funds is also increasing, the level of their financing socialization continues to increase, and their financing structures and channels become more and more complex and diverse. The main arrangements of financing socialization for the growth and maturation of technological startups consist of three methods:government-guided fund, entrepreneurial finance, and the combination of technology with finance.The maturating goal of technical achievements can be divided into process goals and overall final goals. The dissertation takes Apple iPhone Smartphone technology series products as an example. It conducts a single-factor exponential regression analysis of the maturation of technical achievements with patented technology factor, market factor, management factor and financial factor, then makes a comprehensive multi-factor exponential regression analysis, and finally obtains a regression equation model of the technical achievements maturation. Furthermore, it also draws on methods and perspectives from Symbiosis Theory in genecology, models with the symbiotic evolutionary force the various factors’mechanism in the processes of establishing technological startups and maturating technical achievements, and explains multi-level symbiotic integration mechanism in technical achievements maturation. It is held in the dissertation that symbiotic integration is the source of driving the maturation of technical achievements and promoting the growth of technological startups, and in this way can the capitalization of inventions and various business managing modes be continuously realized.There are four viable options which can promote and nurture the growth of technological startups, that is,"a coordinated process" mode,"modular division of labor" mode,"incubator" mode and "patents integration" mode, each of which if adopted appropriately, whether independently or synthetically, can help these startups to overcome the "Death Valley" from R&D to commercialization. The commonality of the four modes lies in the minimization of resale and exchange, and the eradication of obstacles in the chains of technological value, production, financing and management, thus maturating technological achievements in a relatively integrated mechanism. The dissertation takes technology of Suntech Power, Tencent WeChat as concrete examples, and conducts empirical case studies about the theory of the maturation of technical achievements.Under the background of "transferring the mode, adjusting the structure", it is of great practical value and policy-making guiding value to improve the maturation of technical achievements and to help the technological startups develop. The dissertation has proposed some suggestions concerning respective responsibilities of the markets, enterprises and governments for the promotion of the maturation of technical achievements and the growth of technological startups. The markets should fill the role of building a healthy and fair environment, the enterprises need to function as a major driving force, and the governments should play a part in guidance and incentive during the process of promoting the maturation of technical achievements.