The Study On The Development Of New-Type Urbanization In China

To promote the new-type urbanization is a new strategic mission of our Party while advancing the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. According to the social and economic development of our country, the report to the Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC requires to promote synchronized development of industrialization, information, urbanization and agricultural modernization. Particularly, the "Decision of the CPC Central Committee on major issues pertaining to deepening reform in all respects", recently passed at the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee recently, elaborates the connotation of the new-type urbanization again. It states that "We should keep to the Chinese-style path of new-type urbanization, promote human-centered urbanization, promote coordinated development of large, medium-sized and small cities, and balance the development of urbanization and new socialist rural areas. We should optimize city spatial structure and city governance, and we should increase overall urban carrying capacity." It is clear that urbanization will be the core theme of China’s development in the next5-10years, the sustainable power for future economic growth and the key for expanding domestic demand.Marx and Engels, who are the founders of Marxism, paid close attention to urbanization, they elaborated the influence of town-country relationship on the quick and healthy social development. Marx and Engels pointed out:"if town-country relationship changes, the whole society changes accordingly". As the development of productive forces, integrated development of town and country will eventually be achieved."People can not be completely liberated from the shackles without the abolition of the antithesis between town and country". It reveals the importance of town-country integration in the development of human society.Lenin investigated Russian town-country relationship while leading Russian proletarian revolutionary and socialist construction. Lenin considered that it was impossible to abolish the antithesis between town and country in Capitalist Russia, because it was a great task closely related to the achievement of a communist society, therefore "we must set ourselves the aim of abolition of the antithesis between town and country"."In order to bring the benefit of development to the entire people, we must also enhance the learning of millions of rural population, and eliminate the ignorance of countryside".Stalin put forward the theory of town-country integration in the process of socialist construction. He considered that the origin of the antithesis between town and country was from Capitalism,"the antithesis between town and country under capitalism must be regarded as an antagonism of interests, which originates from the antithetical institution arrangement". Stalin stressed that, in order to abolish the antithesis between town and country and achieve town-country integration, regular relationships and exchange between town and country, between industry and agriculture, between industrial products and agricultural goods must be established".China is home to some of the earlies cities in the world, and she has long history of urban civilization with rich connotation, which has extensive and profound influence on China’s contemporary urbanization. After the founding of new China, productive forces were continuously liberated due to the establishment of Socialism, and tremendous progress was made in industrialization. The historical missions of balancing urban and rural development and promoting urbanization are highlighted, the process of urbanization therefore was reinitiated. Many urbanization modes appears in china because of the different location advantages, leading industries, dynamic mechanisms and spatial dimensions in different regions. Invaluable experience gained in the exploration of those urbanization modes paves the way for China’s contemporary new-type urbanization. Since the Reform and Opening-up in1978, particularly in2011, the urban population in china exceeded the rural population for the first time in history, and the urbanization rate reached51.27%. It indicates that China has transformed from a predominately rural society to a urbanized society. The development of the theory and practice of China’s new-type urbanization is the contribution of several generations of Chinese communists during China’s different historical periods of revolution, development and reform. Continuously developed and improved in practice, the theory of China’s urbanization is the important part of the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Urbanization is an important part of modernization, and it is the trend of the human society development. It is an inevitable historical process for every country. Due to the difference in development level, as well as social and cultural factors, the urbanization processes in different countries vary greatly. Influenced by information, knowledge economy and globalization, world urbanization has been more human-centered with the characteristic of postmodernism-information, ecologization and internationalization. By analyzing the urbanization processes of typical countries in Europe, South Asia and Latin America, experience can be gained which can help us pursuit a more healthy road of urbanization.In contemporary China, New-type urbanization is defined as a historical process of the transformation from predominantly agricultural society to urbanized society predominated by secondary and tertiary-industry. New-type urbanization is different from traditional urbanization, the urbanization of western developed countries and the urbanization of third world countries."New-type" means not only new nature and new road of urbanization but also new methods and new ways to achieve urbanization. The new nature is embodied in the uniqueness of the road, institution and theoretical guidance. It shows that the new-type urbanization should be under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, should follow the guidance of Marxism and should adhere to socialist system and road. The new ways to achieve urbanization is embodied not only in the coordinated development of large cities, medium-sized cities, small cities and towns, but also in balanced development of urban and rural areas, integration of urban and rural areas, coordination between urbanization and industry development, resource efficiency, environmental friendliness and harmonious development. The New-type urbanization is supported by new-type industrialization and integrated with infomationization.The theory of urbanization with Chinese characteristics is built upon "eight supporting pillars", Industrialization is the basic driving force for urbanization; Agricultural modernization is the endogenous driving force for urbanization; Development of tertiary-industry is the subsequent driving force for urbanization; Evolution of industrial structures is the core driving force for urbanization; To coordinate social and economic development of urban and rural areas; To scientifically plan the hierarchical system of cities; To adhere to the "market plus government" macro-regulatory mechanism; To explore urbanization mode according to local conditions, and to pursue resource-efficient, smart, green and low-carbon urbanization.China is a traditional agricultural country. With the advancing of industrialization and the deepening of the reform and opening up, China’s urbanization has reached a new stage of development in terms of urbanization level, rate, spatial distribution and urban system. The hierarchical system of cities including city clusters, large cities, medium-sized cities, small cities and towns has been preliminarily formed. However, the overall urbanization rate is low, and the urbanization process of China is still in its early stage of rapid development. Problems of employment, environment and institution occur when the rural population move to cites, which may impede the progress of urbanization.In order to promote healthy development of the new-type urbanization in our country, this thesis puts forward policy suggestions on six aspects. Adhering to the correct ideological guidance, strengthening the guidance for the development of social ideologies; Formulating overall plan of new-type urbanization and constructing a new measurement system; Speeding up the industry development conditions; Strengthening the infrastructure development of new-type urbanization and exploring new financing mechanism; Promoting the reform of management system and the transformation of the governance of local governments;Adhering to the environment-friendly urbanization.