| In area of chicken cage-rearing equipment, semi-ladder coop (’A’ type) and battery coop (’H’type) were mostly used. By investigating ’A’ type equipment, and ’H’ type equipment, and special cage-rearing equipment for breeding layer, a new type of cage-rearing equipment was proposed to design, which was named as ’Little-step Cage-rearing Equipment used in Laying Breeder Chicken Natural-service model’. By using this kind of mechanical cage-rearing equipment, the welfare level of chickens living in the cage could be improved, and the manual intervention and labour could be reduced. By analyzing the specialities between this type and other types of cage-rearing equipment, find the key points of this research were designing the new type cage system and assistant multi-layer manure cleaning system. The main conclusions of this research conclude following6points.1) Constructing the cage system. The top cages were590mm high at the back side, and680mm high at the front side,820mm deep,1980mm long, the tilting angle of bottom net was6.3°. For the purpose of paving the cant manure carried board, the cages located in middle and bottom layer were101higher than the front side. The cage system was designed as3layers structure, two adjacent layers was offset by105mm horizontally, which was the width of the feeder, the overlapping area between adjacent layers was715mm. In the top cage, it could accommodate a larger chicken group, including40hens and4cocks; for cage cages located in middle, it could accommodate a smaller chicken group, including20hens and2cocks, with735cm activity area per chicken. The designation of single cage including:front net, back net, top net, side net. The design of cage system basing on the single cage including: supporters for cages, supporters for bottom net, manure carried boards, feeders, rails.2) Research and analysis of superiority, hi aspect of productivity, this kind of little-step cage-rearing equipment has advantages of earlier in laying beginning age, and lower in death and elimination rate, and disadvantage of the low rate in fertility. In aspect of economy profit, this equipment increases the civil engineering cost and cock feeding cost, but decreases the labor force cost used in rearing, the economic benefit of this equipment depends on the user’s situation. In aspect of animal welfare, chickens living in this kind of little-step natural-service cage could performance the behaviour such as flapping wings, pacing around, mating, and so on; and all the behaviours mentioned above couldn’t be performed when chickens living in conventional cages. In the aspect of light gathering, comparing to the H type cage-rearing equipment, chickens living in this kind of little-step cage system are closer to the light source by9%and6%in middle and bottom layer respectively. In aspect of ventilation, this kind of little-step cage provides a portrait triangle ventilating channel inside the cage system with higher air speed, increasing the ventilating area by23.9%, so the chicken living environment could be improved. In aspect of usage of chicken house, this kind of cage-rearing equipment doesn’t have significant superiority.3) The strength analysis of bottom net and its supporting device. Selected the related formula in Material Mechanics, and computed the function of side net in decreasing the deflection in the middle area. Then computed the affect of changing size and load of bottom net to the middle deflection, tentatively concluded that under the new size and load, the side nets located inside the single natural-service cage could be eliminated. Software Pro/E was used to statically analyse the deflection of bottom net, it was found that eggs could avoid being detained on the bottom net in the cage only when bottom rack is built by rigid material. Software EDEM was used to analyse the egg cracking when rolling on the deepen bottom net used in this research, it was found that egg-protecting device unnecessarily settled in this cage-rearing equipment during the early stage of its launching.4) Design for the multi-layer manure cleaning system. Connecting the dragging board directly to two certain reversal ropes, the scraper could be overturned more flexibly, and the link point could also be durable. Calculated the working load of scraping cleaner was567N, selected the moving speed of scraping cleaner as0.15～0.25m/s. Basing on those two parameters, the type of gear motor, the type of hauling cable, and the diameter of drum device were all selected; designing wheel train group used in manure cleaning system, including:drum device, pulley wheels, guide pulleys, and tension device.5) Determine the operation frequency of manure cleaning system and optimized its mechanical characteristic. It was suggested that the manure scraping cleaner could clear away the chicken waste in time during its fresh period, with the scraping interval12hours. In this way the manure cleaner could have a stable working load and move smoothly when scraping, computational formula of dragging force was W1=172.6-5.7α1+0.7α2+0.7α12. When selecting the materials of manure carried board and moving scraper respectively as Fiber-Cement and steel, the cleaning degree was above99%. When the vertical angle of scraper, the longitudinal angle of scraper, the inclination angle of manure carried board were respectively selected as7°,35°,5°, the width of manure deposit body after scraping process and the maximum height of manure deposit body in scraping process could both be minimized, so this parameter group could decrease the residual manure at the end of cage system and reduce its interlayer spacing. But these three angles didn’t significantly correlate with the stability of manure cleaning speed.6) Present the designing scheme of other units equipped with this cage-rearing equipment mentioned in this article, including:manual and electric drived self-propelled feeding car, a new type of flat monolayer egg collector, manure belt conveyor located under the bottom layer cage. |
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