Study On Regional Overall Development Based On Major Functional Zone In Chongqing

Nowadays the planning of Major Functional Zone on provincial level is being carried out and had been completed in provinces of China. Building and implementing the pattern of regional development based on Major Functional Zone is the important task of "12th Five-Year Development Plan" on provincial level. Chongqing is the only municipalities in central and west of china as well as urban-rural consolidated development reform pilot. It plays an important role in regional coordinated development and the overall situation of reform and opening up. There are big cities, as well as large rural areas, there gorges reservoir area, large mountainous and ethnic areas in Chongqing. Regional coordinated development is not only the requirement for coordination of three relationships of Chongqing, but also demonstrates the needs for national urban and rural reform. It is also the needs to form new development pattern of the linkage of coastal and inland, to protect the safety of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River basin and in-depth implementation of the western development strategy. Plan of Major Functional Zone of Chongqing will be implemented in2013. How to use co-ordinate policy frameworks in order to promote the formation of Major Functional Zone to achieve the optimization of regional space structure of Chongqing has being an urgent prolem.The concepts of "major functional zone" and "consolidated development" have never been raised by foreign countries, but related researches on "regional development","regional division and cooperation","regional integration","the integration of urban and rural areas" are relatively mature. Meanwhile the development and perfection of location theory, core periphery theory which provide abundant reference materials for regional development theory for our Country. Researchers mainly focused on the division, formation and implementation of major functional zone in domestic. For consolidated development, researchers mainly focused on land, finance, labor and other industry resources between urban and rural areas as well as the co-ordinated management of the industry structure in the context of nation-building needs. There is lack study on how to implement policies to fulfill urban-rural consolidated development, and how to co-ordinate elements to ensure the fulfillment of regional development goals and to ensure coordinated regional development. This paper use analysis method of location theory, regional differentiation, spatial structure optimization, and interaction space to study the regional characteristics of the Main Functional Zone in Chongqing; to build Core-Edge and point-axis composite structure model of Chongqing area; to study the regional influence of the giant central city of Chongqing with spatial interaction model; to study regional development differences in Chongqing with a bit commercial and Gini coefficient; to measure the gaps and clusters between counties of Chongqing with Pearson correlation analysis; to measure the differences in ecological carrying capacity between counties with the ecological footprint model estimates; to study the dividing indicators and their classification of main function zoning based on their equilibrium model. Finally, the paper dividing districts and counties of Chongqing into different type areas with spatial interaction models and spatial clustering analysis model.The main results are as follows:(1) The positioning of Chongqing by national level development strategy is:Growth pole for the development of the western, the upstream hub of Yangtze River, one of the five urbanized areas, urban and rural overall development and reform pilot area; The west regional level is focusing on creating Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone, pay attention to constructing reservoir and minority mountains, to carry out inter provincial cooperation; Chongqing area level will rely the basis for the development and potential of the counties, to proposed five development objectives zones:urban core areas, urban development areas, urban development zone, ecological conservation and ecological protection zones areas.(2) The spatial economic influence of Chongqing city can be divided into four grades:The first level is strongly affected zone within the Chongqing area of Chongqing influence than the sum of the influence of all other cities, including the western from Liangping, Wanzhou, Shizhu, Youyang etc.total of24counties; The second level within the Chongqing area is the medium impact area, Chongqing influence than the average of all other urban influence, including seven counties as Xiushan, Fengjie, Kaixiang etc. The third level is strongly affected zone outside the Chongqing area of Chongqing influence over the greatest influence values of all other cities, including38counties in Sichuan and Guizhou, Hubei province; The fourth grade is the outside of Chongqing area for the influence of Chongqing over the influence of the average of other cities, including57counties in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan and Hubei province.(3) The regional differences within Chongqing area. Space additive fusion with the spatial pattern of economic development, regional development, population and labor force, infrastructure, land use, ecological carrying capacity, get "urban-modern rural-Eco-wings " three-level regional development pattern:the first level is the central urban area consisting with the strong development of the city; The second level area is including for conurbations, Jiangbei agriculture, mining tourism in the southern region, Wanzhou and Qianjiang sub-centers; The third level is the northeast Three Gorges reservoir area and the southeast sub-centers characteristic of industrial areas.(4) Chongqing economic-population-ecosystem has a high correlation. The test index is higher over0.99of economic and demographic spatial distribution coupled equations; The test index up0.9about fitting equation of demographic, economic spatial distribution with the distance of Yuzhong; Meanwhile, the change of degree of economic development is inversely relationship with ecological capacity, the main city owned67.96%of the urban construction land in Chongqing area, the peripheral10county owns more than60%of forest and grassland in Chongqing area.There are dividing three parts of the Chongqing area: core area of strong development, ecological excellent peripheral zone and active development axis.(5) Overall development of comprehensive regionalization is districted five main functional zones as the core area of urbanization, urban expansion area, modern agricultural development zones, ecological and agricultural zones, and prohibited development zones, and with a range of developing axes. Each of the main functional zones are classified as three and levels:optimization area, strengthen and nurture area,so there will be divided districts and counties of Chongqing into eleven subjective function type.(6) There propose a series of policy suggestions to optimize regional co-ordinating the development with of the market, population, land, investment, ecological aspects.The main conclusion can be summed up as follows based on the above study:(1) Major functional zone is an area that is constructed by complex element which has definite functional purpose. Major functional zone is constructed by each element from economy, population and ecology aspects and their complex interaction, and this kind of complex interaction has caused difference among major functional zones, or functional state of each districts and countries in the some major functional zone. The purpose difference of major functional zone has different regional resource demand and different functions; therefore, the demand of regional management policies is different. The some function purpose in the some major functional zone has been put forward new requirements to each districts and countries’resource management and allocation, that is overall planning of resource in major functional zones; promoting each districts and countries to achieve major functional purpose is becoming new regional management task. To coordinate regional development should fully consider the function purpose of major functional zone and the difference of present situation, coordinate regional resource, guild population reasonable flow, and then it would become a state that the levels of economic development per capita, ecological development per capita and social development per capita are almost equal.(2) Taking the thought of coordinated regional development into major functional zone management is the new change of strategy for current regional development. Firstly, difference is objectively existed among each districts and countries in the some major functional zone, therefore, it need coordinate regional resource to promote each districts and countries’harmonious development, and then reach the function purpose of major functional zone; secondly, different major functional zones have different function purpose, so it need coordinate regional resource to make each major functional zones support each other and harmonious existed, and then promote Chongqing’economic and social latest development based on well ecological environment; thirdly, the key development areas have social economic influence beyond province level, it need expend regional service space and resource gained space to the surrounding province or even further, and the spatial range of coordinated regional should also be expended. (3) Core-periphery model of spatial structure development is the main characteristic of Chongqing’current regional development. Firstly, the main districts of Chongqing is supernormal developing, and its service space range is obviously beyond province level, and the number of people to serve is times larger than Chongqing’total population, therefore, the main districts have become super developing zones, and larger gaps between main districts and subordinated center areas. Secondly, the cooperation space of main districts is beyond province level, and it has reached to surrounding center cities or even more further areas, so it has obviously difference between core-areas an non-core area at city level, subordinated center areas are the frist choice to make territory development efficiently in fringe area,and it also the intermediate station for the whole city’space where core areas can influence, therefore, each different grade town should be developed based on the road development, which is significant to spatial structure in cities’development. The supernormal scale can be become the main factor for the spatial difference among each kind of major function zones’development.Two points of innovation in this paper can be shown as follows:(l)Through multidimensional regional analysis, it is a regional study of new exploration which has discussed the certain logic of major functional zone formed by the thought of coordinating regional development. The paper put forward plan for spatial structure optimization of Chongqing’major functional zone, and demonstrate the policy suggestions for three kinds of major functional zone in Chongqing to achieve function purpose, and provide a frame of reference for the regional management in Chongqing.(2) Construct the core-periphery model for Chongqing’regional coordinated development under the theory framework of The New Economic Geography, enrich the connotation of regional research theory, and make further efforts to understand the spatial structure situation of Chongqing’ regional coordinated development, and then make an response to regional coordinated development by each districts and countries based on the overall requirement of major function purpose.