| China’s metallurgical technology had a long history. The metallurgical enterprises occupied an important position in our industry after the founding of our country. With the upgrading of industrial technology, safety production accidents of metallurgical enterprises showed characteristics of the broader scale, the larger consequences and the heavier loss, industrial accident death rate of large metallurgical enterprises remained high in recent years. From the point of relationship between the safe production and human-machine-environment, safe production of metallurgical enterprises must be closely integrated production scale of enterprises, production process, production layout, production varieties and technical equipment. To solve these security problems, we must analyze specific issues, with regard to the "machine" that is in the man-machine-environment system, regulations, standards, regulations of the state and industry had made provisions for the metallurgical enterprises to carry out safety standardization, as long as practical implementation and good management could guarantee objects security state; with regard to the "environment", the accidents could be prevented in advance and stopped directly by observing; so more research were locked to the "person" who is full of uncertainties, and individual safety of the staff had been the focus of enterprise concerns, because the staff is difficult to achieve uniform standards.Due to individual security intertwined with corporate culture, work environment, individual habits and personality, individual psychological, which showed its complexity. Individual security behavior ability level of employees was an important foundation for safe production; it also ultimately embodied safety production level of enterprise and connotation of safety culture. Meanwhile, workforce of metallurgical enterprise presented certain characteristics due to the development of society, mainly two points as follows:1. Transition in the presence of staff from "peasant" to "workers"Most large metallurgical enterprises were built by state investment after the founding of New China, it also engaged in the change accompanied by the pace of country in the country’s reform and opening up30years. The most important phenomenon in the thirty year was population movements at a faster rate every year. These migrant workers mainly engaged in high-risk work, such as mining, construction, manufacturing and labor-intensive industry. We can see that "migrant workers" were in the presence of various jobs of metallurgical enterprises, they were experiencing transition from the "farmers" to "workers",2."80","90" employees join in the workforce,Metallurgical enterprises had been accompanied by adding new employees in the road ahead, we had to pay attention to the group of "80","90" employees who were new university graduates. They were highly educated, had a good family, lack of experience on "hard","simplicity" and similar expressions in their growth path. The accession of them made the workforce more dynamic, but we had to admit that "80" and "90" had distinctive features. In addition to a small part of them at the technical management positions, most of these new entrants of highly educated people worked in the forefront of production.Safety science had a distinct modernity and reality. In the face of employees’characteristics of metallurgical industry at present, as well as the current operation mode, the research on employees’ individual safety behavior ability need a more systematic way of thinking, a more detailed analysis of ideas and better place of research methods.Accident causation theory explored causal relationship of accident occurrence, but the excavation of causal relationships between an accident and specific variables of man-machine-environment was difficult to achieve completeness, clarity and accuracy. However, complete correlation of an accident can be more easily obtained in the root cause analysis. The root cause analysis also full showed the relationship between man-machine-environment system and the accident, as well as its strength degree, it was a good angle to comprehensive understand accidents and accurately predict accidents. Therefore, research that centre on measurement, tendency, characteristics, assessment and promotion of employees’ individual safety behavior ability could enhance the security level of enterprises from multiple perspectives based on root cause analysis of correlation.Employees’ individual safety behavior ability of metallurgical enterprise as the research object, correlation analysis of root causes as the theoretical basis, combined with historical accident statistics of a metallurgical enterprise, by mutual authentication with measurement questionnaire, the paper did research on relationship between accidents and human-machine-environment. In the meantime, it studied trends and characteristics of employees’ individual safety behavior ability and further explored assessment and improvement methods based on building interactive models of human-machine-environment and accidents, the main contents were as follows:1. Historical data analysis on safety production accidents of metallurgical enterprisesCorrelation analysis of root causes as a guide, from four perspective of the time, place, people, events,333production safety accidents of the metallurgical enterprise during11-year interval from2001to2011were analyzed, which were involved in411people, and mainly related to silicon, iron, cold-rolled, sintering plant, energy power plant, roll the company, electric, industrial furnaces, furnace company, rolling mill, coking company, logistics companies etc.50departments. Accident data was collect according to " Enterprise employees casualty classification standards "(GB6441-86), meanwhile research objects of production safety accidents of metallurgical enterprises were locked, i.e. year, month, date, time-point, accident site, accident category, age, type of work, length of service, the degree of injury, the injured area, nature of injury, cause physical, virulence matter, injury way, unsafe condition, unsafe behavior etc.17factors, using the hypothesis testing, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, correspondence analysis and other methods, root causes as the goal, the paper respectively carried out research on time pattern of accidents, relationship between high-risk environment and accidents, relationship between the human biological clock, three biological laws of human body and accidents, relationship between high-risk trades and accidents.2. Questionnaire of employees’ individual safety behavior ability measurement of metallurgical enterprise"Questionnaire on security technology impact on individual safety behavior" and "Questionnaire on enterprise organization and management impact on individual safety behavior" were designed, in the field of metallurgical enterprises distributed883questionnaires, using field survey methods to illustrate influence, impact strength, etc. of employees’ individual safety behavior ability from both aspects of security technology enterprise organization and management. Social attributes such as gender, age, marital status, highest level of education, length of service, positions and so on as employees’ basic condition, it also analyzed extent about all aspects of security technologies, enterprise organizational and management impact on these basic conditions. Among them, after the credibility and validity test, the questionnaire was considered to be structure consistent and credible; safety technology showed different levels in allusion to employees’ individual safety behavior ability, safety awareness of working condition is the better, safety technology management secondly, the use of safety equipment in general. By using five areas to inspect the effect of enterprise organization and management reaction to individual safety behavior ability, currently, the employees showed different levels aim at these five aspects, top security support is the greatest impact on employees’ individual safety behavior ability; followed by was the effect of security managers on junior staff; once again, the impact of security system on the individual employee; the fourth was incentive means; finally, the impact of safety culture on employee safety. The score was calculated by questionnaire obtained that the current level of employees’ individual safety behavior ability of metallurgical enterprise was between middle and good, the majority were in the moderate state, but some still were in qualified status. Enterprise should pay more attention to the unmarried, just to work, aged31-40years old employees and middle managers in safety management, staff attributes such as "migrant workers","80" employees, knowledge workers, happy marriage employees, middle and lower-level managers generated a more profound impact on employees’ individual safety behavior ability of metallurgical enterprise.3. Trends and characteristics study of individual safety behavior ability based on man-machine-environment simulation model In order to represent and descript microscopic individual behavior of metallurgical enterprise’ employees and macroscopic behavior emerged from staff group, with multi-agent simulation ideas and Netlogo software, by quantitatively describing changes of employees and employee groups’ operating behaviors through a variety of security measures to reveal the response relationship between employee behavior and safety production situation of metallurgical enterprises, thereby we should establish the safety management methods from the perspective of employees. Employees’individual safety behavior ability were studied from two aspects, one was indirectly display, i.e., it was demonstrated in the case of conquering environmental risks and device risks under the simple environment; secondly, companies changed safety training intensity and severe degree of safety management to influence employees’ individual safety behavior ability, at the same time by changing the high and low employees to influence employees overcoming operational risk under the complex environment."Man-machine-environment" system better simulated the operating characteristics of metallurgical enterprise’ employees, security managers could adjust safety training intensity, severe degree of safety management and other means to influence employees’ individual safety behavior ability, thus affecting the whole employee group to conquer operating risks; security managers can proposed targeted proposals with respect to safety training and the rhythm of which safety management process was implemented according to staff features. Micro-individual and macro-groups of intertwined, direct and indirect mutual verification, the entire simulation system proved once again that multi-agent simulation had application value in safety science.4. Assessment and improvement of individual safety behavior ability of metallurgical enterpriseWith the development of industrialization and participation of information and network technology, modern safety management control structure on the job site was facing unprecedented challenges, meanwhile operations of employees increasingly were showing multidimensional space, real-time, operating risk diversification, diversify and other new features. The evaluation of employees’ individual safety behavior ability contributed to fully understand the level of it and carry out in-depth research on it. According to characteristics of the individual and groups, multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was used to analyze individual safety behavior ability and grey clustering method was used to assess multiple employee safety behavior ability. How to improve employees’ individual safety behavior ability? What ways and means can be taken to train individual safety behavior ability? These real problems had been plagued by safety managers.The paper analyzed the existing safety training and security management mechanism of the enterprise, then identified its shortcomings, presented decomposition training method that post jobs as a fundamental and applied to sintering plant of the metallurgical enterprise, which it produced good results.The research embodied the following meanings:1. Safety science was developed from safety production accidents had been focused on illuminating accident causation and indicating occurrence, development process, consequences of the accident in the face of production safety accidents, such as on the causal chain of accidents, on the accidental release of energy, human error theory, on cross-track, more than ten kinds of accident causation theory laid a solid theory and practice foundation for safety science. With the development of industrial technology civilization, enterprise should not only focused on results but also the details; not only pay attention to causality of logical development of the accident but also correlation between accidents and "man-machine-environment". The correlation research around enterprise production safety accidents aim at tracing the source of production accidents with the system, dynamic thinking was necessary to discover new problems.2. Although automaticity of metallurgical enterprises was increasing higher, but the man who design, manufacture, operation, maintenance it, so the role of people in the system was not reduced but more important and prominent, once an accident caused by human error, the losses were heavy than ever. However, man as the main in the system had a lot of uncertainty and difficult controlling because of their different physical, psychological, educational level and many other factors. From the point of a variety of work-related accidents over the years, about90%or more accidents directly or indirectly were derived from the human factor. Therefore, the research on employees’individual safety behavior ability was basic scientific work for profoundly improving security management of the enterprise.3. From the energy point of view, the energy level of security production system was the lowest when it was in a steady state; from the sport point of view, the security production system gradual changed from disorder to order. Metallurgical enterprises’ economic decline, labor shortages and labor conflicts, as well as the profound changes of social survival concept, the concern about safety had risen to unprecedented heights. The traditional technology security concept that production areas as the main had been extended to life and survival security concept, we had been unable to avoid the issue that concerning about the development and living space of individual employees, meeting the development needs of individual employees. |
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