Research On The Ecological Compensation Mechanism Of Farmland Shelterbelts

Ecological civilization is the common pursuit of value for modern humans, and forestry has played an important role in promoting the development of ecological civilization. In the development of forestry to eradicate poverty, the ownership issue deserves much attention. There are a series of negative phenomena about farmland shelterbelts of Liaoning Province, such as illegal logging, thrust belt, decreased wind effect and so on. There is uncertainty to improve undesirable phenomena about the measures of Collective Forest Right System Reform. Besides, farmland shelterbelts, as the public product, how to play a positive externality and stimulate farmers’enthusiasm for protection and production is an important issue. In this study, the author summarize and organize the results of previous studies, investigate farmland shelterbelts status and socio-economic problems of Liaoning Province, analyze the farmers’wishes for production and investment for farmland to discover problems, and determine the implementation of ecological compensation to solve farmer’s usufruct. This paper will focus on Stakeholders and compensation operation methods and the determination of compensation standard, as a key research project, in order to put forward scientific and rational solutions to meet the characteristics of farmland shelterbelts.By analyses the necessity that Farmland Shelterbelts execute ecological compensation policies from three aspects:policy, investigation and farmland resource allocation model this study believes that ecological compensation is a reasonable way in solving the Farmland Shelterbelts problems, then the author further proposes that the framework design of ecological compensation mechanism for Farmland Shelterbelts. The ecological compensation mechanism includes major components which is composed of compensation subjects and objects, compensation standard, range of compensation, and operation mode; while the major components contains compensation approaches, compensation methods compensation standard and match-management strategy.This paper defined stakeholders of ecological compensation mechanism for Farmland Shelterbelts and adopt Game model to analyzes its relations and behavior which showed the phenomenon that:The government’s macro protection does not matches farmers micro demand interest of; The eagle pigeon game are used to analysis behaviors among farmers, which indicates that the peasant household behavior convertFrom the passive acceptance to the initiative production and investment direction conversion in a certain incentive mechanism; The channels of Compensation funds mainly include government subsidy and market financing, in which the government, as the main source of funds, introduced the characteristics and disadvantages of government compensation and gave first place to fiscal transfer payment at present. Take the market as the main source of funds, this paper introduces the characteristics and disadvantages of market compensation, and take the development of carbon trading and participate in international reforestation project as the main form. According to the source of Compensation and the theory of public goods, ecological compensation could be divided into three ways and the government-led investment is the main mode of ecological compensation. According to the model of farmland resources allocation, the government should take account of the differences of the ecological benefit and compensate farmers the losses of non-agriculturalization of farmland.This paper analyses general method of Farmland shelterbelts’accounting standard, and mainly introduced the cost compensation standard, the ecosystem service function value and forest assets value assessment method. In the practice of Farmland shelterbelts ecological compensation in Liaoning province, this paper defined Farmland shelterbelts’compensation subject and compensation object of the Liaoning province’s at first, then, chi-square method is adopted to define the correlation between the family situation, property status and Farmland shelterbelts construction, investment, and the will of ecological compensation, which based on the survey of condition and the property right of farm household. Binary Logistic regression is adopted in analyzing the influence factors of production will, investment will, which shows that property is the largest factors, fully explained that stable relations of property right have a great significance to farmers’production and investment of Farmland shelterbelts, proving proposition3which puts forward on the second chapter that full property right relations have important effects on farmers willingness. And the disposition of the present property right relations didn’t work well which affects the willingness of farmers. Therefore, ecological compensation should be paid for farmers.In the accounting and discussion ecological compensation standard of Farmland shelterbelts in Liaoning province,the method of direct cost and opportunity cost are adopted to measure peasant households’economic loss is3246Yuan per MU; In the evaluation of ecosystem service function value,mainly carries on the analysis from five aspects:reduced evaporation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and release oxygen, purify air, and mitigation protection, which calculated the ecosystem service function value is1015Yuan per mu; The experiment form method. Calculate Timber volume, In the evaluation of forest land and forest assets, This paper analyses the statistics survey of peasant household, stocking volume is obtained by using the experiment form number method; then, using market value method to calculate stocking; finally through two kinds of method:the arithmetic average method and the uniform annuity method, to calculate the profits of different forest age. As for the amount of compensation, this study believes a compensation should be paid in accordance with the forest age stage, compensation price should between117Yuan-439Yuan per MU. Three methods of accounting verify proposition2which put forward at the chapter2------the value of ecological resources and proposition1------the impact of externality. By comparison of Pearson inspection and analysis the value results of Farmland shelterbelts ecosystem service function in Liaoning province and Shandong province farmland shelterbelt, Fujian coastal shelter forest, forest in Liaoning province, and carries on the discussion of ecology, economics and accounting, this study is based on the ecological compensation mechanism design, and that determine the amount of compensation funds should according to different objects and compensation method, but the value of ecosystem services should be considered.On the development measures and Suggestions of Farmland shelterbelts ecological compensation, the development measures and Suggestions should be closely related to the stakeholders of compensation and compensation funds channel, this paper offer put forward the proposal mainly from two aspects. On the one hand, the government should strengthen the legislation of ecological compensation, improve the public cognition of ecological compensation, give full play to the subjective initiative of stakeholders, make the farmland shelterbelt fully protect the ecological environment and increase more interests of the compensation object at the same time; On the other hand, the market should giving full play to the advantages of ecological project, the contribution role of Farmland shelterbelts in plain forestry should be brought into play, and the second forestry industry should be upgraded to make contribution to increase farmers’income.