Taxonomic Study On Eumastacoidea(Orthoptera: Caelifera) From China

The taxonomy of the superfamily Eumastacoidea（Orthoptera: Caelifera）from Chinawere studied in the paper. Based on the taxonomic system of Eumastacoidea from OrthopteraSpecies File Online（http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org）, the Chinese taxonomic system and thecatalogue of species in Eumastacoidea were given. The world and Chinese zoogeographicfaunas and biogeography of Eumastacoidea from China were analyzed. The zoogeographicregions of Chinese Eumastacoidea were put forword. The results are as follows:1. Thirty-six extant species belonging to thirteen extant genera, four subfamilies andthree families and two fossil species in the superfamily Eumastacoidea were described. Thethree families in China are Chorotypidae, Episactidae and Eumastacidae, respectively. Threenew species, Ptygomastax abaensis Zheng, Ye et Yin, Erianthella chani sp. nov. and E. lini sp.nov., to science were found. The discovery of the three new species can lay an important basison analyzing their ecological adaptation and evolution.2. The morphological characters of species, genera, subfamilies and families inEumastacoidea from China were described in detail. The keys of different taxa were madeseparatedly.3. The species in Eumastacoidea from China distribute in Palaearctic realm andOriental realm of the world zoogeographic faunas. The species in Palaearctic realm alldistribute in Central Asian sub-realm, totalling12species belonging to the familyEumastacidae, accounting for33.3%of all the extant species. Four species belong to3generain Mongolia-Xinjiang region. Eight species belong to6genera in Qinghai-Tibet regioncharacterized by high genus-level diversity with5Chinese endemic genera, i.e.Myrmaleomastax Yin，Pentaspinula Yin, Sinomastax Yin, Ptygomastax Bey-Bienko andAngulomastax Zheng. Another genus，Phytomastax Bei-Bienko, also distribute in somecentral Asian countries.Twenty-four species belonging to the two families, Chorotypidae and Episactidae,distribute in Oriental realm, accounting for66.7%of all the extant species. Most of thespecies are sub-tropical and tropical. In the realm, Pielomastax Chang in Episactidae andErianthella Descamps in Chorotypidae are endemic genera to China. All species inPielomastax Chang distribute in Central China region. Erianthella Descamps with3species distribute only in Taiwan, among which E. lini sp. nov and E. chani sp. nov. in the paper arenew to science. Three species, China mantispoides, Erianthus versicolor and Erianthusdohrni in Chorotypidae, also distribute in some southeastern Asian countries, indicating thatthey disperse and penetrate widely.4. Five speciation centers of Eumastacoidea from China were formed. The first one islocated in Southern China region plus Central China region plus Southwestern China regionof Chinese zoogeographic fauna, including Erianthus St l, China Burr, Bennia Burr andButania I. Bolívar （except for Erianthella Descamps in Taiwan）, most species arewidely distributed. The second is situated in Taiwan Island with the only genus, ErianthellaDescamps. The third one is seated in Central China region of Chinese zoogeographic fauna,one important center in China, all Pielomastax species distribute in the region, especiallymost species from southeastern Qinling Mountain to all the Huaihe Rivers, and radiating tothe northern and western montainous areas of Zhejing province, Wuyi Mountain（QianshanCounty）in Jiangxi province and north Shimen County in Hunan province. The fourth onecovers Qinghai-Tibet region characterized by high genus-level diversity with six genera, mostspecies are narrowly distributed. The fifth lies in Tianshan mountain with PhytomastaxBei-Bienko and Gomphomastax Brunner von Wattenwyl. Among the five centers, all thespecies of the first two centers are winged, but the fourth and fifth centers with winglessspecies, the third one is a sympatric region mixed apterous Pielomastax with pterousErianthus St l and China Burr.5. The four zoogeographic regions of Eumastacoidea from China are put forword.Theyare（1）Southern China plus Southwestern China Chorotypidae region,（2）Central ChinaPielomastax-China-Erianthus sympatric region,（3）Qinghai-Tibet multi-genera sympatricregion and（4）Tianshan Mountain Phytomastax-Gomphomastax sympatric region.6. Some issues and problems existed in researches on Eumastacoidea in China as well assome evolution strategies of the superfamily are discussed, and the biodiversity conservationof some species in the superfamily is put forword.