Remote Sensing Dynamic Monitoring System Intertidal Terrain

Intertidal zone is an interactive area of land and sea and it is the reference object for the research of modern coastal dynamics and environmental changes and the main strip of development and utilization of marine resources. Intertidal zone is constantly affected by tide and undergoes exposure and submergence alternately. In addition of more and more impacts of human activities, the evolution of intertidal zone becomes more complicated and more frequently. In this case, it is very important to dynamic monitoring the intertidal terrain and accquiring the evolution.Traditional topographic survey methods cannot meet the monitoring requirements because they have long cycle, small range, huge costs and limited terrain data. Remote sensing monitring methods have characteristics such as short cycle, large range, small costs and simultaneous monitoring. And they are able to provide the topography evolution of a long time span or a short period of time. So they have been widely applied to the intertidal terrain remote sensing dynamic monitoring and become a major means of dynamic monitoring.Intertidal topographic changes include long-term changes brought by the tidal currents, medium-term changes brought by the developments and utilizations, and short-term changes brought by unexpected weather events such as storm surges. Dynamic monitoring of the intertidal terrain include large spatial scales monitoring such as monitoring the dynamic changes of the radial sand ridges, and medium spatial scales monitoring such as monitoring the topography around the ports and channels, and small-scale moniroring such as moitoring of tidal basin. Single remote sensing monitoring method is not suitable for the environmental complexity.This thesis proposed an intertidal terrain remote sensing dynamic monitoring system (ITRSDMS) to monitor the intertidal zone with multi-dimensions and multi-perspectives by integrating with the theory of systems science as well as absorbing advantages of several monitoring methods. Remote sensing monitoring system is different from research of a separate remote sensing monitor method. Based on the holism, it combined partial description and overall description, qualitative description and quantitative description. The system could provide different proportions topographic monitoring comprhensivly. And it will provided data and technical support for the monitoring underwater topography of ports and channels, the monitoring of beach reclamation and Environment Protection. This thesis aims to architecture of ITRSDMS which proposed different combination of remote sensing monitoring methods based on the charactristics of different intertidal topography and create a evaluation sub-system for ITRSDMS.The conclusion of this thesis are as follows:①Lucubrate the principles and methods of ITRSDMS based on the theory of systems science and systems methodology. Then the architecture of ITRSDMS was determined and it encompasses four elements, which are monitoring objects, monitoring methods, monitoring results and evaluation system. The process of the study of ITRSDMS are as follows:monitoring object analysis, monitoring methods, monitoring system technology research and evaluation sub-system research.②Considering the particularities of the intertidal geomorphology and the goals of the system, we analyzed the suitable objects of those methods from geomorphological features, space and time scales and analyzed their costs from the data source, the technical maturity and monitoring results handler. It showed that:Visible-Light Bathymetry method is suitable for a wide range of long-term dynamic monitoring of the underwater terrain, Moisture-Content method is suitable for small outcrop short-term dynamic monitoring of tidal flat, Sand Ridge-Line is suitable for the middle-term dynamic monitoring of the range of sand ridges, Axial-Wire method is suitable for the middle-term dynamic monitoring in the various time scales in the range of tidal chennels, Tidal-Basin method is suitable for small-scale outcrop the tidal flat short-term dynamic monitoring.③According to the basic concepts of evalutaion system and the content of ITRSDMS, technical specifications were proposed. The evaluation system of ITRSDMS was set up for quality control and accuracy evaluation. Each monitoring methods had its own monitoring objiects, data requirements and costs and was suit for a special geomorphic types. Combination of methods could be used to compensate for the limitations of a single method. There are two kinds of combination, one is a complementary combination and another is a optimized combination. The complementary combination of methods include: Visible-Light Bathymetry and Moisture-Content, Sand Ridge-Line and Axial-Wire. The optimized combination of methods include:Moisture-Content and Tidal-Basin, Moisture-Content and Sand Ridge-Line, Visible-Light Bathymetry and Axial-Wire.④The evaluation system of ITRSDMS includes technical specifications, evaluation of remote sensing monitoring method selection, accuracy assessment and dynamic monitoring indicators. As a result, this evaluation subsystem showed evidences in practical applications and provided indicators supporting judgments when remote sensing technology applied for intertidal dynamic monitoring.⑤Considering the spatial resolution and spectral resolution of the image, selection method can improve the precision and control of the economic costs of remote sensing images. FLAASH Radiation correction method and LGCP geometric correction are good remote sensing image preprocessing methods for intertidal topography.⑥Based on the research of ITRSDMS, several combinations of remote sensing methods were proposed to achieve different monitoring purposes by taking into account the differences of locally topographic characteristics of intertidal zone. One example of the application of ITRSDMS was shown as a demonstration. ITRSDMS has a wide range of applications and could dynamic monitors a variety of intertidal terrain.