Using Remote Sensing Dynamic Monitoring And Analysis Of Coastal Zone Changes Supported By GIS Technology

Coastal zone, located in the connection belt of sea and land, has become a keyfield of human competition and exploration owing to its abundant natural resourcesand advantageous geographical location. However, affected by the strong interactionbetween ocean and continent, it has the most complicated natural environment and themost fragile ecology. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, theresources and environment of coastal zone have been greatly damaged due to theunreasonable utility of land resource. So the study of dynamic monitoring coastalzone changes has became a hot topic of Global Changes. Nowadays, as the rapiddevelopment of science and technology, remote sensing and geography informationsystem have offered the main data sources and technological means for studyingglobal changes, and it is also an important advanced way to studying coastal zonechanges. Taking Longkou coastal zone as a case, the paper, on the basis of RS andGIS technology, extracted the thematic information of the coastal zone, then analyzedthe changes from space and time and expatiated on driving factors on the changes indetail, supported by national natural science fund "The function of land, sea andenvironment impact and ecological effect of human activity" and the subject of "Therenewal database of land use of Longkou city ". The major contents and researchresults are as following:1. The need of information for the research was obtained based on remote-sensingimage processing to enhance thematic information of the coastal zone. It was difficultespecially to been drew out directly for the low tide line because of being submergedby sea long time. So the study based on the water depth remote sensing theory carriedon the statistical correlation analysis on the single band or multi-band combinationdata and created the RS-fathoming model, then inversed the fathoming model to drewout the low tide line according as the synchronous tide data. It is obvious that this newmethod to obtain seawater information quickly and efficiently. So it is value for thestudy of dynamic monitoring coastal zone changes using remote-sensing technology.2. The land information of the coastal zone was extracted by computationalauto-classification. Compared with the conventional Maximum Likelihood Classifierin the process of which only the spectral information of objects is used, the ArtificialNeural Network (ANN) has been developed and applied to remote sensing dataclassification problem, which can overcome the limitation stated above. It can makeclassification by integrating RS data (spectral values, texture) with the geographicdata (DEM, slope etc.) resulting from GIS. In the paper, the need of land coverclassification was made though BP Neural Network classifier, a sort of ANN bewidely used for classification of remote image data nowadays, integrating spectralvalues with texture data and the distance from coastline. The analysis result showsthat this method can improve the classification accuracy greatly.3. Geographic Information Tupu was created to study the Longkou coastal zonechanges that included the advance and retreat of coast and the features of land-use inboth spatial and temporal from1984 to 2004. The result showed that the coastal zoneof Longkou city is an active area with changes obviously during the course of study.There were notable difference of advance and retreat in each coast section fromdifferent years. The general trend was moving to land obviously in the north coast,pushing to sea in the coast between Longkou Pot and Jimu Island, and keeping steadyrelatively in the west coast in addition to having a little advance latter. The changingextent was more remarkable in the 1990s especially in 1992 to 1998, and the coasttrended to be steady after 2000. The land use also changed greatly in the coastal zoneduring 1984 – 2004. There was a great decrease in sand land and cultivated land and aremarkable increase in water area, garden land and build-up land. The speed of theland use change in the region was up to 1.53% per year, and the sand land and waterarea changes had the highest speed in all land-use type. As to the spatial change,55.65% of the land use in the region was under the changing progress, major type ofwhich were cultivated land turned to garden land, and cultivated land and garden landturned to build-up land. But the active land-use conversion was the sand land turningto other land-use type in the region less than 500 meters distance from the coastline.4. Based on the macroscopic analysis of the driving mechanism of the coastalzone changes, it is clear that the changes of coatal zone were caused by both naturaland human factors. However, for Longkou coatal zone, human activity was the mainfactor, and the natural drove the changes more by giving a feedback to the humanactivity. Canonical Correlation Analysis was applied to identify the human drivingfactors quantitatively, and it was concluded that human activities drove the changes ofland use by the economic development, agriculture structure change, marine culture,and exploration on sand and coal resources. Nature gave a feedback to the humanactivity by means of hydrodynamic condition change at coastwise, seawater intrusionand mining subsidence.