Research Of Grain Farmers’ Production Behavior In HeiLongJiang Province

Since the founding of new China, the agricultural development in China has made great achievements. We use less than9percent of the world arable land to feed21percent of the world population which makes great contributions to world and national economic development and social stability. In recent years, with complex and severe international economic situation, significance of the deepening global climate change and the risks and uncertainties increased and faced by the agricultural development, food security issues become more prominent. Over the years the state put forward with first document and pointed out that ensuring national food security and increasing farmers’ income is of most importance which has the strategic significance. During the period of "the Twelfth Five-Year Plan", our government considers ensuring food security issues as the primary task. To improve the comprehensive grain production capacity and to ensure grain output growth is the inevitable requirement to ensure national food security. With the policy of the advancement of industrialization and urbanization as well as the implementation of benefiting farmers, the growth of food production involves multi-dimensional variables of land input, labor input, capital investment and agricultural techniques’ applications and so on which ultimately depends on growing grain farmers’ production behaviors. Their understanding and support has a profound impact on enthusiasm of their food production and production behaviors directly determine the rate of land productivity, food output and the strength of the international competitiveness of agricultural products in China. Therefore, in the context of food security and increasing farmers’ income, we analyze the behaviors and their influencing factors of the growing grain farmers’ production in-depth and improve and establish food production supporting policies which have important practical significance and strategic value on ensuring national food security and increasing farmers’ incomes continuously.The paper, based on the theory of regional economics, demand-supply theory, behavioral economics and farmers’ behavior theory, uses the method of combining theoretical analysis with the actual analysis, combining normative with empirical analysis, qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis and comparative study and a typical case analysis which studies growing food farmers’ production behaviors systematically in Heilongjiang Province. The paper builds the theoretical framework of growing grain farmers’ production behaviors in Heilongjiang Province with existing related research achievements. We define the related concept, characteristics and goals of growing grain farmers’ production behaviors and analyze food output and sown area objectively with a great number of data in Heilongjiang Province. The paper describes and analyzes the situation and the existing problems of grain farmers (including the ordinary grain farmers and the large grain ones) through the surveying data of58counties and705farmers. The paper also researches the aspects of nature, farmers, capital, markets, science and technology and policy which have great influence on farmers. Then, the paper conducts an empirical analysis on grain farmers’ production behaviors using the model of Logistics. Lastly, the paper proposes the policy recommendations for optimizing the growing grain farmers’ production behaviors.In this paper, the main contents and conclusions are as follows:(1) The paper defines the underlying concepts of growing grain farmers’ production behaviors and analyzes their characteristics and purposes then explores the changes of food output and sown areas in Heilongjiang Province which shows that Heilongjiang has become one of the centers of gravity of the national food production and the requirement for food has an increasing trend. Food output in Heilongjiang Province increases with fluctuation and food output per unit area is low which is influenced greatly by climate, production costs, food prices and agricultural science and technology. The sown area of food increases steadily which covers the larger proportion of sown area in the nation and Heilongjiang Province, but it shows "the three plus and one minus" pattern in different varieties. Fluctuations of food output and sown areas in Heilongjiang Province is governed and determined by grain farmers’ production behaviors. The paper studies the production behaviors of ordinary farmers and the large ones in-depth in Heilongjiang Province on the basis of the above background which has an important significance.(2) The paper analyzes the situation of production behaviors of ordinary farmers and the large ones based on land management, the planting selection, production inputs, technology awareness, farmer in Heilongjiang Province which shows that ordinary farmers operate the land by themselves and rent it to the subcontractors and implement single and concurrently operating in two modes which plant the varieties in order to get the most benefits. The large ones operate the land by transferring and subcontracting in the form of intensive, large-scale and professional management, less in concurrent business. At the same time, grain farmers’ production behaviors also have some prominent problems:the tendency to benefits, the convergence, low degree of organization, strong passive attitude and concurrent business of farmers’ production behaviors.(3) The paper analyzes the influential factors on growing grain farmers in Heilongjiang Province from natural factors, the farmers’own factors, financial factors, market factors, technology factors, policy factors and so forth. Through the above analysis, we come to the conclusion that farmers’ market factors and technological factors are the key influential factors of production behaviors of farmers which plays an important role in the selection of species and the decision-making of planting scale on grain farmers. The factors on farmer itself are the internal ones of farmers’production which affects the choice of farmers’ awareness for technology and concurrent business behaviors. The capital factor is the basic one to change the behavior of farmers’ production which could change farmers’production input behaviors fundamentally. Policy and natural factors are the comprehensive ones to influence farmers’awareness for technology, farmers’ production input and concurrent business behaviors and so on. (4) The paper conducts an empirical analysis on the production and decision-making of ordinary farmers and the large ones based on their characteristics index using Logistic regression analysis and data obtained from a sample survey and the typical survey. The conclusion is that ordinary farmers are affected by age and educational level, the nature of the scale of land and farmland, agricultural and food prices and food subsidy income whose effect is fairly significant in increasing their incomes. While the large ones are mainly affected by age and educational level, whether to participate in cooperatives or not, land lease, food prices and food subsidies, technical guidance and food benefit. The study indicates that the influential factors of production behaviors on large grain farmers and the ordinary ones not only have some differences, but also the influential direction and extent are of some differences.(5) Through the comprehensive analysis, this paper puts forward thought and countermeasures to optimum grain production behavior of peasant in heilongjiang province. Centre on the stability of food production, increasing income, stronging basis, pay attention to people’s livelihood, strengthening its policy, strengthen scientific support, increase investment, optimize industrial structure, promote reform and innovation, ensure that food security, main agricultural products and promote effective supply farmers’ income, with the goal of improving the grain farmers comparative-effectiveness, promoting moderate scale management, improving the technology innovation, improving the grain return rate skills, promote the sustainable agricultural development, improving the degree of organization of farmers increase food and agriculture cooperation benefits, ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products, optimize agriculture production behavior in heilongjiang province. In the specific policy, our government should further improve major grain-producing province food subsidies, increase the subsidies to grain farmers, promote appropriate large-scale operations, support the development of food cooperation economic organization, strengthen the development of science and technology service system, strengthen the training to grain farmers, establish and perfect the food and agriculture agricultural insurance financial system, improve food production cost control mechanism, improve the food price forming mechanism, improve the grain farmer’s agricultural infrastructure. Through a series of policy design to increase grain farmer income and ensure the national food security.The innovation points of this paper as follows:(1) The innovation of study angle. This paper made the breakthrough point of the grain farmers production behavior, Analysis the situation and the existing problems of grain farmers in major grain-producing province-heilongjiang province. and further analysis the factors on the behavior of grain farmers’ production behavior, then enrich the Grain production research theory system in heilongjiang province.(2) The innovation of study content. This paper aim at different types of grain farmers, conduct empirical research to the grain farmers’ production behavior and its influencing factors in heilongjiang province. The research results to grain farmers’ grain main linkes in heilongjiang province had not yet been discovered in related articles. (3)The innovation of study methods. This paper’s important characteristics are the first-hand investigation data and accurate measures to the production behavior of grain farmers, accord with the development of current economics research; based on the application of the method of measure while, pay attention to the farmers’ activities analysis behind resources and social constraints. On the while of application measurement method, Focus on analyzing resources and social constraints of farmers’ behavior.At the same time, through on-the-spot investigation, enriching the perceptual knowledge to farmers’ behavior, through the face to face interview to the farmers and the leadership of the country, increasing more intuitive understanding to farmers’ behavior, the case study method highlights the features of this paper.