Study On The Compensatory System Of Cultivated Lands Exterior Preservation Based On Food Security

This paper started from the problems needed to be solved of cultivated lands occupancy, food security and regional economy development, applying the work divide-up theory, trade theory and land using control theory and methods, systematically elaborated cultivated lands exterior preservation based on the food security, analyzed the cultivated lands occupancy tendency and differences in different areas, basing on settling the contradiction between food security and economy development, set up the theoretical model of theoretical analysis framework and compensation standard that grain marketing-oriented area compensates the grain producing-oriented area for the cultivated lands preservation, deliberated the cultivated lands exterior preservation compensatory methods for the food security and set up relevant compensatory system. Carrying out substantial evidence study brought forward some policy advices aiming at cultivated land preservation and food security.First of all, the paper introduced in brief the study background, contents, basic concepts, thesis frame, study method and data sources, reviewed both domestic and foreign study trends of cultivated lands, food security, exterior compensation etc. and commented on these results in brief.In the chapter2,the author analyzed theoretically external facts of cultivated lands preservation and food security, and on above grounds, elaborated systematically the exterior of cultivated lands preservation based on food security. In view of that, the author initiated the study of cultivated lands preservation external basing on food security, defined it as the overlapping part of food security exterior and cultivated lands preservation exterior, and put forward the concept of external in a broad sense and external in a narrow sense. The analysis are as followed:no national compensation for the food security exterior would cause downward adjustment of cultivated land preservation goals in grain-production area, driving-up of non-agro occupancy of cultivated lands in consumption area, intensification of interests imbalance between production and marketing area, intensified difficulties of cultivated lands preservation. For the compensation of cultivated lands exterior preservation basing on food security, grain in market circulation was put forward as the common objective of compensation. The theory framework of the cultivated lands preservation compensation basing on food security was formed. The framework includes:on the confirmation of compensation subject, level compensation methods consumption-oriented area to production-oriented area was put forward; basing on the theoretical analysis of private and social profits in cultivated lands preservation, standard theoretical train of thought was set up; compensation ways were put forward for the consumption-oriented area by GDP growth deduction, opportunity cost taxes, and market trading etc. In the last section of chapter2, the study used the food security compensation experiences of EU’s countries for reference.For further clarification of feasibility of regional compensation and principal part of compensation, basing on the analysis of cultivated lands occupancy tendency and future change trend, chapter3emphasized on the systematic analysis of cultivated lands occupancy trend and regional differences between grain producing-oriented areas and grain marketing-oriented area. The results show that, by comparison with cultivated lands reducing speed in different grain sub-regions, the speed of cultivated land non-agro transforming in grain production-oriented area is lower than in grain production-demand balance area, and that in grain production-demand balance area is lower than in grain consumption-oriented area. With the development of economy, the reliability of GDP growth on the cultivated land occupancy becomes less, the contradiction between economic development and cultivated land preservation would be soothed step by step. In different grain sub-regions, the reliability degree of economic development on cultivated land occupancy differs appreciably. The difference showed contribution efficiency of cultivated land occupancy for the GDP growth, as well as the GDP output of per unit land area in different grain sub-regions. In general, the cultivated land occupancy efficiency and cultivated land output efficiency are higher in grain consumption-oriented area than in grain production-oriented area and grain production-demand balance area. This kind of difference affords a feasible way to achieve effectual preservation of cultivated land in the process of high speed economic development, as well, in coordinating the contradiction of cultivated land and economic development, by improving the utility efficiency of non-agro lands, the pressure of cultivated land preservation would be retarded effectually caused by the competitive land demand of economic development. Analyzing the current agricultural subsidy policies of our country, the article further confirmed that, cultivated lands exterior preservation compensation basing on food security should be more in incarnation of cultivated land preservation compensation for production-oriented area by consumption-oriented area, and the subject of compensation are the consumption-oriented area, the government of production-oriented area and the related interests owners. And then, the article specifies the main body border of exterior compensation--compensation to the production-oriented area afforded by the consumption-oriented area.The author systematically elaborated the compensation project in the chapter4. Putting forth the maximized compensation standard taking the total grain trade between grain producing-oriented area and grain marketing-oriented area as the compensatory basis, and the minimized compensation standard taking grains in store as the compensatory basis, simulated the actual compensation amount with the game-of-chess model, and formed allowance accounting ways that the grain producing-oriented area pays to the grain marketing-oriented area. Then putting forward transfer payment approach and market approach of cultivated lands exterior preservation compensation. Transfer payment approach mainly includes two ways:GDP growth deduction (deducting a percentage from GDP growth) and opportunity cost taxes; market approach mainly includes negotiated price compensation, industrial development compensation and storage compensation in separate sites. The paper put forward five principals:central government guidance, producing-marketing area’s responsibility, obligation and interest in conformity, fully expand comparative advantages and market mechanisms, sustainable development and system innovation etc., set up highly efficient mechanisms. The main content includes: specifying the main body of GDP growth deduction, opportunity cost taxes payer, and the amount of GDP growth deduction, opportunity cost taxes; emphasizing the use condition analysis of GDP growth deduction and opportunity cost taxes, use of both comprehensively, or use of each separately; the compensation to production-oriented area by consumption-oriented area by the way of GDP growth deduction and opportunity cost taxes should be mainly applied to encouraging the cultivated land preservation of production-oriented area, and improving the grain producing capability; the regulatory mechanism of government is more important to the stable production-demand cooperation mechanism besides point to point connection between production area and consumption area. The article emphasizes that encouraging cultivated land preservation is the greatest objective in the application of compensatory capital, the essential point is that, the grain producers will gain more from this kind of preferential policies, and meanwhile, the consideration should be given to the input of infrastructure construction either in order to improve the comprehensive grain producing capability and land output efficiency.On the grounds of above studies, the paper selected Nanjing city and Huaian city as the typical regions which possess the characteristics of grain marketing and production and made evidence analysis. By means of analysis of cultivated lands uses and comparative advantages, reached a conclusion that Nanjing should put more lands into use for non-agricultural development, and Huaian should adopt more strict cultivated land preservation policies. The problem of unfair development in both cities can be solved through regional compensation. According to fully seized daters, the paper calculated the amounts of exterior compensation for food security in both cities, and analyzed the current production-marketing cooperating effects and insufficiency in both cities, and put forth related improvement advices.Basing on above results, the paper put forward policy advices on cultivated lands exterior preservation compensation for food security.For instance, Confirming the grain’s attribute as a public product, developing the theoretical backing of cultivated land preservation compensation policies basing on food security; working out more effective cultivated land preservation policies in the light of characters of grain production and economic development in different grain sub-regions; scientifically setting the main body of cultivated land preservation exterior compensation, improving the effectiveness of compensation practices; rationally specifying the compensatory standard between grain production-oriented area and grain consumption-oriented area, laying down supporting policies for levying compensatory funds; setting up feasible cultivated land preservation exterior compensatory mechanism step by step.