Evolution Of Spatial Patern Of The World’s Crude Oil Trade And Strategy To Optimzis Spatial Pattern Fo China’s Crue Oil Trade

At present, it is the significant task for the crude oil importing countries to ensure the security of crude oil supply. The research of the spatial pattern of the crude oil trade will get hold of spatial features presented by the flow trend, amount, organization and its function modes of the crude oil; figures out the defects of the current spatial pattern. It will then contribute to the formulation and implementation of the petroleum trade strategy and chart course for the optimum regulation of the spatial development, so as to achieve the ultimate goal of petroleum security.Based on the achievements of the former researchers, this thesis works out an outline of the world trade pattern of and Chinese trade pattern and the evolution law of the patterns, by means of complicated network theory and the territory analysis in geography, with integrated multidisciplinary theories and methods such as international trade, economic regional movement theory, spatial structure theory, geopolitics and economic theory, with the trade nodes, trade relations and trade strength and the territory distribution of the three as the basic research targets; it explores the evolution mechanism of the world crude oil trade pattern and the primary reasons which impact the evolution of Chinese crude oil trade pattern; analyzes the problem in the structure by comparison with other large crude oil importing countries and on based of which the optimal strategy is put forward. The thesis is composed of five chapters:Chapter one is the development of research home and abroad and the basic theoretical foundation. It mainly presents the research development home and abroad from the following perspectives: production demand of petroleum resources, its trade and transportation, petroleum geopolitics and international relationship, petroleum security and petroleum security strategies. It then builds up the basic theoretical framework covering international trade, geographical movement of economy, spatial structure, geopolitics and economy and complex networks.Chapter Two sketches the world crude oil trade spatial structure according to the world crude oil trade data, based on the graph-theoretical method, regional and spatial analysis in geography; the functions of different regions in the world crude oil trade pattern have been shown by comparison of nodes, degree, and edge weight; the homogeneity of world crude oil trade spatial pattern has been analyzed and the world crude oil trade spatial structure has been simulated. The research reveals that the nodes of the world crude oil trade spatial pattern increase with a small margin while the degree and the weight increase greatly, i.e. the scope and impact of the world crude oil trade is gradually increasing; it reveals that the roles different regions play are strikingly differentiated from each other by comparison of the nodes, export degree and import degree and the weight in different regions; the analysis of the structure entropy and weight entropy and modularity and the simulation of the world crude oil trade all indicate that the spatial pattern of world crude oil is non-homogeneous.Chapter Three explores the functional mechanism of the resource endowment and its regional production, consumption, trade channel, diploma and geopolitics in the formation and evolution of crude oil trade spatial pattern; it states the time and universe effect of the resource endowment, production and consumption in the world crude oil trade; it analyzes the factors which influence the resource endowment and points out the mechanism which will be the main causes for the change of trade spatial structure and the dominant causes may alternate with the change of interior and exterior environment. Since the participants have different objectives and different political motivations, the stringent crude oil trade patterns will not be embodied in several simple mechanisms, the thesis will then make a brief analysis of the primary operating mechanism.Chapter Four firstly presents the import pattern of the crude oil import in China; it makes an analysis of the factors for the evolution of the crude oil spatial pattern; and sums up the problems for Chinese crude oil trade pattern. The research shows that the imbalanced territory expansion will come after the increase of import degree and weight. The center of origin pattern has gradually transferred from Middle East, Asia-pacific to Middle East and Africa; meanwhile, the geographical locations alike and the petroleum trade transportation conditions alike are the prerequisite of similar regions of the large crude oil importing countries by making comparison with the large importing countries. The analysis of the origin structure of the large importing countries demonstrates these countries tend to turn to the countries and regions nearby or those with easy access when choosing trade partners. The diversification of the Chinese crude oil trade leads to high homogeneity and the economy decrease of spatial pattern of Chinese crude oil importing trade; and the diversification of the origin doesn’t contribute to resolving of importing risk.The objective and discipline for spatial pattern optimization of Chinese crude oil import is put forward in Chapter Five and external and internal strategies for the importing crude oil trade structure optimization are proposed. The external optimization is targeted on risk diversification, i.e. to realize the diversification of origin and channels, with economy taken into consideration as well; the internal strategy mainly focuses on the impact resistance of the crude oil import, including playing the diplomatic role of the petroleum, intensifying the construction of marine transportation and building up the protective mechanism for the channel, increasing the corporate competitiveness, realizing the diversification of production and cooperation methods; avoiding trade risk efficiently by means of market-oriented method; speeding up the construction of China’s crude oil reserve system; adjusting the structure of economy and energy consumption .The research indicates that diversification shouldn’t aim for homogeneity. The trade countries should choose appropriate partners in different regions in accordance with the objective environment so as to carry out diversified importing strategy and settle potential crisis for petroleum supply in essence.