| The Ministry of Civil Affairs selected Kunshan Jiangsu, Haining Zhejiang, Luoning Henan and Shenzhen Guangdong as the first pilot areas of the construction of moderate and universal child social welfare system in June 2013. In April 2014, it selected other 46 cities such as Fangshan Beijing to be the second batch of pilot areas. These reforms opened the prelude to the construction of the moderate and universal child social welfare system in china.In the process of the pilot, the government attaches great importance to the construction of the moderate and universal child social welfare system. They make great efforts to strengthen the system and make great achievements in the two years. There are still some problems and puzzles existed. We need to clarify the moderate and universal child social welfare system theories, principles and ideas. We need to design a moderate and universal child social welfare development blueprint with Chinese characteristics according to the China’s population, economy and the level of social development. It is of great importance to have deep research in the field of child social welfare system.This paper explores the establishment of a moderate and universal child social welfare system with Chinese characteristics based on the theoretical analysis framework of the system analysis theory, welfare economics, equity theory and the need theory. This paper uses the soft systems methodology (SSM) as the guide method with literature, questionnaire, interview, quantitative analysis method and so on. It gets some conclusions also by learning the successful experience of child social welfare system in the whole world.This paper does the research according to three logically interrelated problems, respectively are:(1) the origin and the status of China’s moderate and universal child social welfare system; (2) the main problems existed in our country’s moderate and universal child social welfare system and its effectors; (3)the constructon of our country’s moderate and universal child social welfare system. This paper examines the development process of Chinese child social welfare system and its implementation status, the main problems existed and and its effectors. Based on the related theories, it constructs concepts, principles and ideas of the appropriate universal type of child social welfare system and the three-stage mode of the construction of the moderate and universal child social welfare system. It explores and designs a basic construction scheme for the moderate and universal child social welfare system from the aspects of the welfare coverage, welfare content system, financial security, laws and regulations, management and performance evaluation.This paper gets some conclusions as follows:our country’s moderate and universal child social welfare system comes from a residual system and develops with China’s economy, politics and social democratic process. Second, China is in the primary stage of moderate and universal child social welfare system. Coverage needs to be expanded, welfare projects need to be added, the welfare level needs to be improved, special legislation needs to be formulated, management needs to be improved, the performance evaluation should be standardized. Main factors affecting China’s moderate and universal child social welfare system are the level of economic development and the condition of financial investment. Third, the construction of China’s moderate and universal social welfare system must adhere to the scientific concept, principles and ideas. The construction of China’s moderate and universal social welfare system also should be guided with the scientific development concept, be in a spirit of United Nations Convention on the rights of the child, be based on the actual situation in our country. It should be directed with international experience as reference and be constructed for the purpose of satisfying the needs of children. It should fully inspect the child rights priority sequence and adhere to the principle of gradually development, moderate, unified, government leadership and social participation. It should gradually realize the better lives of children on the basis of economic development and the increase of people’s living standards. Fourth, according to the process of China’s population, economic and social and democratic development, China’s moderate and universal child social welfare system construction needs to go through three stages, namely the primary stage (2010-2020), the intermediate stage (2021-2030) and the advanced stage (2031-2050). In the primary stage, the coverage of the moderate and universal child social welfare system expands from the orphans to the plighting children and their families and ultimately all the plighting children. The welfare projects will be gradually increased and the level of the moderate and universal child social welfare system will be gradually increased. In the intermediate stage, the coverage of the moderate and universal child social welfare system will expands from the plighting children to some ordinary children. The level of the moderate and universal child social welfare system will be increased further more and the items of the system will the added greatly. In the advanced stage, the coverage of the moderate and universal child social welfare system will be expanded from all plighting children to all the ordinary children. The contents of the child social welfare will be very rich and the items will be in a wide variety and the level will be high. Fifth, China should gradually increase the size of the financial expenditure on the moderate and universal child social welfare system. The proportion of child social welfare spenditure to GDP in 2020 should reach 0.50%, and the proportion should be 0.95% to 1.03% in 2030, and 2.38% to 2.66% in 2050. In 2050, the proportion of child social welfare expenditure to GDP should be close to the average level of OECD in 2009 (2.61%). Sixth, our country should speed up the construction of laws and regulations of the moderate and universal child social welfare system, and gradually establish the child welfare law system including laws whose contents are about the welfare of child life, education, medical, employment, legal protection and other aspects. Seventh, our country should improve the administrative functions of the moderate and universal child social welfare system and establish the comprehensive administration system which can promote the development of children. At last, we should try to strengthen the performance evaluation of the moderate and universal child social welfare system.This paper has five innovations as follows:Firstly, it deepens the connotation and develops the concept of moderate and universal child social welfare. Secondly, it puts forward concepts, principles and ideas of the moderate and universal child social welfare system. Thirdly, it constructs a relatively complete three-stage model of moderate and universal child social welfare system. Fourthly, it uses the soft systems methodology (SSM) as the analysis tool of building the moderate and universal child social welfare system, this is a innovation of this paper. Lastly, it studies the performance evaluation in the research of the moderate and universal social welfare system and has some innovation in the evluation method.Finally, this paper analyzes the problems and shortages in my research and makes some comments and suggestions for improvement. |
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