Culture Theory Rsearch Of Stuart Hall

Stuart Hall (1932-2014) was the New left Marxist theorist after the world war Ⅱ in England, the leading man of British cultural studies. He ever held the director of the center of Birmingham school of cultural studies, and was known as the father of cultural studies. He enjoyed a renowned reputation in culture studies, interpreted Marxism cultural connotation from the perspective of production^ ideology、power and class. He found the class nature and the resistance function of mass culture by investigating the different of status of popular culture, enriched the Marxist cultural theory and rebuilt the Marxist cultural influence.From the historical materialism perspective,the article put culture study of Hall as reasearch object of this article, combined culture theory under the contemporary context of British capitalism of the post-war period and The history of Marxist development process. Cultural theory points and the innovation of Marxist cultural theory are summarized, the contemporary value of hall culture theory is evaluated. This is constantly perfect theoretical system of Marxism needs both from the perspective of intellectual history, and the need of the Marxist cultural theory of innovation deepening the research on historical materialism methodology.At the same time for major issues, theoretical response to cultural development in our country from a global perspective, cultural development rule, make our country the current mainstream ideology discourse can provide important enlightenment.This paper puts forward the following opinions in terms of research contents:The first chapter is the background of Hall’s cultural theory. Hall’s culture theory is the contemporary capitalist new change response of the post-war. The first generation of western Marxism implements cultural turn according to the theory of western capitalist change, Hall is the cultural turn of practitioners. Compared with the contemporary western Marxist theorists, Beyond lies in the hall:he put the culture as the "lens" to analyze the essence of the so-called new changes of capitalism, and predict the development trend of it. Hall skillfully fuses the cultural analysis into capitalist economic and political analysis, so as to reveal the internal relations of capitalist culture and economic and politics.The second chapter is the main ideological origin of Holzer’s cultural theory.Hall’s theory of culture enriched and developed contemporary ideological theory. Hall re-read the historical materialism social existence and social consciousness, economic basis and superstructure of dialectical relationship as the theoretical starting point decision, made reference to Althusser’s ideological theory, Gramsci’s theory of cultural power, Laclau and Mouffe’discourse theory, updated the analysis perspective of Marxism, strengthened the culture of Marxist political science definition. He pointed out that culture is not only based on the experience of the individual way of life, but also the individual interpretation of ideology, here is the ideological struggle of field power and dominant ideology construction space. Hall attached great importance to the history of "organic intellectuals" mission, in order to get out of the den, emphasis on culture study to the reality of everyday life practice.The third chapter is the main content of Hall’s cultural theory.The mass culture is identified as the core content of cultural studies by Hall. Hall focused on working class culture, youth subculture, media culture, ethnic culture and post-modern culture, as global study of the specific shape of mass culture, thus found the "alienation" of the truth in the mass culture, and predicted the resistance of the "public" in the field, which support the western capitalist new social movement and micro political thoughts. In the study of popular culture, he pointed out that mass culture in the context of capitalism can be shared, but can not be dominated; In the study of youth subculture, He violated "consensus", standing on the position of marginalized and demonized groups, and regarded the subculture as the struggle to the dominant ideology of capitalism and the expression of reverse consciousness; In the study of media culture, he found that the construction of ideological function of media, revealed superficially neutral media agencies as a "code" was important production organization of the dominant ideology of capitalism, but the public as "decode" may take the adversary reading way to subvert or dispel the effect of the hegemony of the dominant ideology of capitalism, here was a field of resistance. Hall’study of ethnic culture and post-modern culture global embodied the identity of his Marxism theorist and had global field of vision. He paid attention to the living circumstances of the minority groups in the process of the globalization but discussed the issue of their status, identity, and so on, of the problem of culture; For globalization under the view of postmodern culture he conducted the definition and analysis of Marxism, making the "postmodern culture" liberated from postmodernism.The fourth chapter is the research method of Holzer’s cultural theory.Hall used the methodology of historical materialism to construct cultural studies. From the social structure in the overall he tested cultural initiative; From the social and historical process of the overall he examined cultural situation, which reflected the combination methodology of diachronic and synchronic analysis of the historical materialism, at the same time, he paid attention to the analysis of history field of the cultural phenomenon, case analysis of cultural problems and inductive deductive method ascending from abstract to concrete. Historical materialism, as it were, took on the methodology of the overall cultural studies, and was combined with the uniqueness of the culture methods to create the substantial methods suitable for the study of culture. This also made Hall beyond the contemporary western Marxist on cultural research.The fifth chapter is the historical evaluation of Hall’s cultural theory.Hall has made great contributions to contemporary development of Marxist cultural theory. Marxism cultural theory in contemporary is facing innovation. Firstly, the research perspectives must breakthrough the limitation of traditional dogmatism, and construct concrete view to analyze the micro field according to the change of age conditions. Hall has outlined the production, power, ideology class and dialectical thinking as well as enrich and develop of cultural analysis dimension of Marxism on the basis of dimensional perspective. At the same time, boycotting "theory of reflection" paradigm of cultural studies explores the problems in our daily life under the total framework of the methodology of historical materialism, as well as revealing the rich connotation of social history, and forming historical and social analysis style which the micro perspective combines with macro perspective. Additionally, Hall’s cultural theory has also responded that of misunderstanding and distortion of Marxism to the Western. He faces "the outdated theory of Marxism", and "the ended ideology" and so on,and committed to cultural studies "disenchantment" of Marxism. On one hand, restored a "correct" Marx through revealing the dogmatism of Marxism to ponder the wrong understanding; On the other hand, activated the explanatory power of Marxism through promoting the combination of Marxism with cultural studies.The sixth chapter:the Contemporary Enlightenment of Hall’s cultural theory. Hall’s theory of culture has important enlightenment to our country’s cultural strategy.Cultural strategy in our country is put forward in the context of cultural globalization. Cultural studies should clarify the development the logic of cultural globalization, provide theoretical thinking for the strategy implementation of our country. Nowadays, the numerous ideological trend reached, how to enhance the explanation force and guidance force of the Marxism cultural theory? Hall provides us with "the other" perspective about the introspection of the capitalism culture modernization development path which makes us learn useful thought resources in globalization as well as avoids stepping into the modernization of cultural capital trap. Meanwhile Hall has provided valuable revelation of our cultural power for the analysis of nature of culture and function.This paper presents the following characteristics in the research contents.First, Highlighting the culture theory of Marxist orientation of Hall.In the past in the study of cultural theory Of Hall, his culture scholars, communication scholars, language, society, scholars such as "identity" exert an influence, And related academic achievements are translated to come over, As a result, it is from the perspective of western literary theory of the basic culture theory. This paper is combined with the development process of the British Marxist ideology, his "new left" experience is reviewed, analyzes the cultural theory of Marxism genetic basis, Summarizes the cultural theory of Marxism orientation, judges him on the exploratory development of Marxist cultural theory, highlights his upholding and developing Marxism in the field of cultural studies theory contribution.Second, highlighting the cultural theory of historical materialism.Cultural content in the research of Hall, around a common thread, namely from the perspective of culture, reveals the initiative, autonomy and constructive, and culture of material force as well as the transformation path, this is the extension of Marxist cultural political theory, this is the complementary study of resultant force theory of historical materialism, this is the economic doctrine or cultural doctrine of rectification.It is a cultural approach to hall, around a common thread, namely the overall dialectical methodology of historical materialism as the principle, construction of historical materialism in the specific implementation path in the study of culture. Hall of historical field analysis method adopted highlights the situational features of historical materialism; Adoption of political economics perspective can help build a bridge of cultural studies and political economics. Emphasis on the problem consciousness and case study shows the demonstration of the spirit of historical materialism.It is the perspective of cultural studies, hall around a common thread, which adhere to the historical materialism, combining the macroscopic and microscopic narrative, construct the cultural studies of discourse narrative. To this end, the paper puts forward, we should break through the single perspectives of economic, construction production, power, ideology, class and so on many aspects of cultural analysis framework, from the cultural dimension perspective, analyze the complexity and diversity of social and historical reality.Third, demonstrating contemporary value of Hall’s culture theory.Previous study of Hall’s culture theory, the basic stay in the theoretical research level, however, his contemporary cultural theory? Are there any value for reference? In the context of the current study, response to this problem is little. Based on the reality of cultural development of globalization as the attention points, demonstrates the Hall culture theory from several aspects of contemporary:one is the hole on the analysis of the capitalist cultural production rule, the cultural modernity paradox of capitalism help us deepen the understanding of the law of socialist cultural production, and to avoid trap into capitalist culture modernization; Two is Hall of cultural connotation and function of Marxist interpretation power of socialist culture to make strategic theory is further enhanced and method.This paper presents the following characteristics in the research method.First, the study used "above" and "review", not only pay attention to the diachronic analysis theory, focuses on theory of historical context, summarizing the theory of evolution rule, but also pay attention to the synchronic analysis theory, reveals the internal connection of various components of the theory of logic and the main line, to avoid the laundry list of writing style, achieve the above evaluation, narration interspersed with comments.Second, the research highlighted the holistic analysis of cultural studies in hall culture theory as the research object, combing his half a century of culture research, and to summarize its overall cultural achievements, a relatively complete landscape construction hall culture research.Third, the research highlights the contrast analysis, paper although with Hall’s theory of cultural studies as the main body, but also relate to Marx, Williams, Althusser, Gramsci, pull crow thinkers such as cultural theory, therefore, to study by their cultural theory carries on the induction, comparison, summarized Hall for these ideas to the resources, draw lessons from transplantation and transform of different attitude, improve the depth of theoretical research.The paper also has the deficiency. Because domestic works which had be translated into Chinese is not rich, Also, I am limited to the level of translation of Hall’s original works, this leads to increased difficulty in the study of the topic, Some problems remain in the surface, so I’m not able to expand and further study. This is where I need to improve in my future research.