A Study On Culture Ecological Problems Of Contemporary China

Culture is a humanistic phenomenon which represents the unique way of human being living on the earth. Culture is also the foundation of a nation maintaining its independence. In modern society, Culture plays a more and more important role and becomes a part of the comprehensive national strength. The competition between different countries has gradually evolved into competition between soft powers with the core of culture. Thus, cultural ecology construction has far-reaching significance in modern China. Our cultural ecology construction must be based on the guidance of Marxism and pay attention to the great role of culture in promoting social development. In succession on the basis of Marxism and Leninism, Our leaders are proposed the same strain of concept of culture, and work together to build a Marxist cultural perspective ideology. Under the Marxist horizon, combing the theory of cultural ecology, cultural problems of contemporary China are analyzed further, which enrich Marxism and cultural ecology theory, pushing the combination of both, and also help solve some cultural issues exist in China, as well as protect and promote the traditional culture of China and build a harmonious society.It requires strong theoretical supports to inspect the condition of cultural ecology in contemporary China. The first and the most important theoretical support are Marxist cultural perspectives. From Marx, Engels, Lenin to Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, then to Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping, Marxists have conducted a study on the cultural issues and has proposed and deepened the theory about the essence of culture, the development of culture, the advanced culture, the harmonious culture and ecological culture, which provides a strong theoretical support for our culture ecological research. At the same time, the theory of cultural ecology, such as Steward’s cultural ecology concept, Cultural Materialism proposed by Harris, Ecosystem Ecology and Nation Ecology in the 1980s, and theory about "media environment" brought by information revolution, all provide theoretical supports for our research.To research the cultural ecological problems in China, we must have an accurate and in-depth understanding of "cultural ecology". Culture itself is a very complex area, especially in the cultural ecology. We have to put "cultural ecology" into the context it generates, and trace the origins of such concepts as " culture " " ecology " " cultural ecology" from the longitudinal perspective. We combine the two perspective of culture ecology research, pointing out that "cultural ecology" is a literary category which refers to the cultural environment in certain living conditions. Such living conditions include not only interaction between culture and environment, but also internal relations and cultural relations between different cultures. Every culture is a dynamic living body, growing in unique natural environment. Various kinds of cultures and their living environment compose different communities and cultural circles, and constitute an organic whole, that is what we mean "cultural ecology". With special emphasis on the relationship between "ought" cultural ecology and " actual" cultural ecology, this paper points out that the optimization of cultural ecology is from " actual be " to " ought to be ". And then, the connotation and elements of the cultural ecology were analyzed. After that, this paper compares "cultural ecology" with "ecological culture" "culture types" "cultural commercial activities" and other related concepts, and summarizes the basic features of the cultural ecology, pointing out its characteristics. Finally, the important significances of culture ecology are mentioned, such as:culture ecology is related to the survival of culture, the coexistence of diverse cultures, the protection of the ecological environment, and the development of human society. The construction of culture in our society need not only good material foundation and institutional guarantee, but also need good culture ecology as a support. Therefore, we must pay more attention to the cultural ecological problems in China.To research the cultural ecological problems in contemporary China, we must put it in the history since the founding of People’s Republic of China. We have to examine its pros and cons from a longitudinal trajectory and return to the historical scenes, so that we can learn something and serve for the current constructing of cultural ecology. After 1976, it began a period of reform and opening, which created great opportunities to the development of cultural ecology. After several sessions of leaders of China, the reform and opening policy were carried out effectively. Especially in the 21st century, cultural ecological construction is at a new historical starting point, on the way to a new journey. The tortuous history tells us that cultural ecological development must be in line with the national condition and social trends of China, and must meet the needs of people.To research the cultural ecological problems in contemporary China, we must have a clear understanding of the opportunities and challenges faced by the current development of Chinese culture. This is an era of both opportunities and challenges. The rapid development of Chinese economy and promotion of comprehensive national strength in recent years have laid a solid economic foundation and material guarantee for cultural ecology. In terms of the international environment and domestic environment, it has brought a relatively stable environment for development of cultural ecology. Correct political orientation and unprecedented policy support also provide a good opportunity for development of cultural ecology. With the combined effects of many factors, China’s cultural ecological construction has reached an important period of strategic opportunities, showing a broad development prospect and bright future. At the same time, it is also facing new challenges. On the one hand, it is uneasy to reach a balance between culture ecology and people’s spiritual needs, socialist market economic system and the need of our society in information revolution age. On the other hand, our culture ecology is facing the impact of foreign culture. Our values are damaged, our cultural security is threatened, and our ideology is penetrated. Overall, in the context of economic globalization, our cultural ecology development must integrate with the world, which can help us to taking our advantage as a later-comer, but also propose a higher demand and standard for us. If we do not actively improve the cultural ecology, we will be abandoned by this age. Therefore, in the process of globalization, China must seize this rare opportunity to grasp the initiative in the cultural competition.To research the cultural ecological problems in contemporary China, we must see it dialectically, which is to see, we must see both the tremendous achievements made by China and the problems existing in the current cultural realities. Now, China is in the social transition period. Due to the arduous task of reform and the tight time, problems are inevitable. There are some problems in our cultural ecology, for example, the utilitarian understanding of the traditional culture, the loss of spirit of Chinese traditional culture, the destruction of regional culture, the neglect of cultural heritage and protection in the urban renewal process resulting in serious convergence of urban culture. Along with modernization and the rapid rise of information technology revolution from the popular culture, it appears a vulgarization trend, weakening the guiding role and influence of the mainstream culture and leading to the lack of faith in modern China. In the development of cultural industry, there are also some problems due to the wish to reach quick success. The reasons for these problems are manifold: Firstly, the excessive pursuit of one-sided economic growth results in the weakness of spiritual civilization. Secondly, the wanton destruction of the ecological environment brings trans-boundary effects on the cultural ecology. Thirdly, social conflicts caused by the widening gap between the rich and the poor also damage the cultural ecology in contemporary China.To research the cultural ecological problems in contemporary China, we must have an international vision and learn from other countries to improve our culture. We selected the United State, British and Germany as representatives of Europe, as well as Japan and South Korea as representatives of Asian, trying to explore the development path of their cultural ecology. All these countries are successful in their cultural ecology and competitive among the world. The cultural industry plays a larger part in their economic development, such as the book publishing industry, film industry, music recording industry and electronic games industry in the United States, museum industry, cultural tourism industry and show business in British, book publishing industry and exhibition industry in Germany, animation industry and television entertainment industry in South Korea. All those cultural industries have formed brands and cluster effect. They spread their culture and ideology to the world while improving their economy. They provide a lot of inspiration for us, including the training of specialized personnel in the field of culture, improving laws and regulations of culture, the utilization of natural and cultural resources, the attention to the cultural heritage protection and the promoting the internationalization of cultural industries and so on.To research the cultural ecological problems in contemporary China, we must analyze the mode of cultural ecology and evaluate the strengths, the weakness, the opportunities and threats of the cultural ecology, and thus has a scientific understanding for the trend of cultural development. It is suggested that a database and index system of Chinese cultural ecological resources as well as a monitoring and management system of Chinese culture ecology should be established, so as to provide reference for scientific research and the formulation of cultural policies. The optimization of cultural ecology in China should take the following path:Firstly, in the ideological field, we should enhance the dominant position of Marxism and enhance the cohesion of the socialist core values. Secondly, we should strengthen the legal and institutional management, improve the legislation relevant to the socialist cultural ecology, improve policy advocacy and enforcement, and further deepen the reform of cultural system. Thirdly, from the practical and strategic perspective, we should effectively protect and rationally utilize the socialist cultural resources, promote the cultural innovation, push the literary and artistic creation, improve the rapid development of cultural industries, and keep the health of the internet cultural ecology, so as to enhance the competitiveness of Chinese culture.