Research On The Succession System Of The Mongolian Nobility During The Qing Dynasty

Since the Qing Dynasty was founded,The Manchu dominators had carried on a series of oppressive policies to secure Mongolian tribes and consolidate dominance. Qing Dynasty secured upper classes of Mongolian tribes through marriage and investiture, and strengthen the control of Vassal State Mongolian tribes by implementing systems of Banner and league, Nianban, Weiban, promoting the Mongolian centripetal force of the central government with generous salary and all kinds of rewards at the same time. Among these measures,Mongolian nobility investiture plays a vital role in sustaining political allies relationship between Qing Dynasty emperors and Mongolian nobles. This paper makes the systematic study about the core of the Succession System of the Mongolian Nobility in Qing Dynasty ----the establishment,development and evolution of the succession system with focus on the investiture, inheritance and rewarding system.The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter discusses the establishment of the Mongolian nobility system. The titles of Mongolian nobility included Han, Qinwang,Junwang, Beile, Beise, ulus-un tusiye gung, ulus-tur tusulagci gung. In addition, there were titles of Taiji and Taburang with four ranks. Mongolian nobility was mainly composed of groups of Jasak and others by inheritance of personal competence, military performance,marital relation and contributory service.The second chapter discusses the establishment and development of the Mongolian Inheritance system taking the case of Jasak group and others in succession institution. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the dominators applied a investiture and Mongol banner system at Vassal system to manage all the Mongolian tribes and fight against Han, which resulted in a great importance to the issue of inheritance among Mongolian nobility Jasak.The first section deals with the formation of oldest-son inheritance and nomination rule as well as the process of Jasak succession. The second section discusses the non- Jasak succession system and the third is about the one of other groups and royal offspring.The third chapter is about the succession system of Mongolian Taiji and Taburang in Qing Dynasty. The first part talks in details about the three kinds of inheritance in terms of the military performance, contributory service and blood relation.The second part analyses the effects, changes and causes of the succession system by introducing the implementation process based on the related government archives. Then it goes to the changing process and reasons for the Mongolian nobility and taiji inheritance system from the following three aspects.In the author’s opinion, the system came from the establishment of the Mongolian imperial rule and reached its peak with the development and perfection of it. However, the decline and collapse came when the Mongolian nobles and Taiji found it hard to take the succession in normal and conventional way even with some having to quit due to the social and political weakness and turbulence in Qing dynasty.