A Comparative Study On Chinese And Russian Human Body Nouns Metaphor

Human body nouns is one of the most basic part of human vocabulary, its metaphor reflects an important form of universal human thinking. This paper attempts to study two languages of Chinese and Russian human nouns metaphor from cognitive, semantic and cultural perspectives. Both Chinese and Russian are language which has a long history. Although the two languages are different, They have a full basis of comparative research for both the Chinese and Russian human body nouns metaphorical is influenced in cultural and cognitive aspects. These are important basis for comparative research on two languages human body nouns metaphor.It should be said that the comparative study of Chinese and Russian human metaphor is very important. Metaphor as an important part of human cognition, language and culture, it reflects very direct in the variety of languages levels. Through awareness, semantic and cultural studies for Chinese and Russian human terms, we can be more in-depth understanding of similarities and differences between the two languages and cognitive research reveals different ethnic Chinese and Russian human metaphor. Meanwhile, with the science and technology development and the impact of foreign culture, in today’s Chinese and Russian, the number of human body nouns metaphors has greatly increased. The analysis of human cognitive metaphor can not only help us to address issues such as social history, cultural exchanges and other issues, but also have positive significance for the promotion of mutual understanding between China and Russia on the culture.On this basis, with the help of integrated studies of describing and explaining, comparative studies, combined study of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, we investigates the multi-angle, multi-level term for Chinese and Russian human metaphors. Except the conclusion part, the full text is divided into following five chapters:The First Chapter: IntroductionThis chapter introduces the background and significance of this thesis topic, combing the human term research, especially the history and current situation of human cognition noun metaphor research, analyzed the results and lack of academic research institute made in this regard. Also explains the key elements that constitute the present study research methods, innovations and corpus collection. In recent years, the body has become a target vocabulary linguist attention. Many researchers began to study human terms, faced with a series of practical problems, this paper attempts to conduct comparative study of Chinese and Russian human nouns metaphor from the cognitive, cultural and semantic perspectives. The paper addresses China and Russia’s most authoritative and representative dictionary: "The Great Chinese Dictionary"(2001 edition) and " Tolkovin Russian Dictionary"(2000 edition) as the main source corpus, by studying the author hopes to enable people to deepen the knowledge of the Chinese and Russian human vocabulary metaphors understand and help people understand the difference between two cultures, Chinese and Russian cognitive.The Second Chapter: Studies on the cognitive metaphorThis chapter describes the history and current situation of cognitive research metaphor, metaphor comparing the theoretical basis of the theoretical basis of the study and research of cognitive metaphor. The concept of metaphor has a long history. Philosophers, logicians, psychologists and linguists focus on metaphor for centuries, and today it is a human thinking, language and speech and many of the most complex mechanisms. The author firstly describes the history of West, Russia and the Chinese metaphor studies, summed up the characteristics and shortcomings of the tripartite metaphor study, while the metaphor as a linguistic phenomenon and a human way of thinking, but also closely linked with the culture. Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a way of thinking. Deeply rooted in the national culture, the culture embodied in the language, for the comparative study of metaphor can help us insight into different cultures and thinking patterns based on cognitive objective world, and it is important to investigate the intercultural communication. For many scholars of linguistics, metaphor is a semantic and pragmatic phenomenon, but the metaphor is also a cognitive phenomenon, these different views of the human language metaphor provide the philosophical and theoretical basis for comparative study.The Third Chapter: Studies on Chinese and Russian human body nouns SemanticsThis chapter describes the original meaning and extended meaning of the human body nouns, ambiguity comparison of Chinese and Russian human nouns, Chinese and Russian human nouns metaphorical comparison. Semantic content is the meaning of the language, the deep semantic analysis is the way to fully grasp the Chinese and Russian human noun meaning systems. Chinese and Russian human terms substantially the same as in the original meaning, but there is a big difference in terms of the extended meaning. At the same time Russian and Chinese human nouns can be divided into single words and polysemant. Through the quantitative analysis on ambiguity of Chinese and Russian human terms, we can find Chinese human vocabulary ambiguity ratio is greater than Russian. The similarity and individuality of Chinese and Russian human nouns metaphor lies in substantive and functional characteristics of human body parts. Physical characteristics can be divided topography image, the location images, container image, color images, etc., and functional characteristics, including body parts of abstraction.The Fourth Chapter: Studies on forms of Chinese and Russian human body nouns metaphorThis chapter describes the type of Chinese and Russian human body nouns metaphor, and studies on similarities and differences of Russian and Chinese human nouns metaphor through three types: emotions, time, and containers. And human body nouns metaphors in Chinese and Russian languages exist thousands. We cannot conduct detailed analysis. From this perspective, with conducting research by the different types of metaphors to identify commonalities and characteristics, we make a comparative study of Chinese and Russian human nouns metaphor valid scientific research methods. There are three main types in terms of human body nous metaphor in Chinese and Russian languages: emotion metaphor, time metaphor container metaphor. There is a general exist of emotion of metaphor both in Chinese and Russian human body nouns, in which the term of "heart" is most typical. And in the time metaphor, unlike the Chinese, the expression of the time using the body metaphor in Russian nouns reflected less obvious. In contrast, similar expression in Chinese is more vivid. The difference between Chinese and Russian human terms is even more pronounced in term of the container metaphor.The Fifth Chapter: Studies on the mode and cognition of Chinese and Russian human body nouns metaphoricalThis chapter describes the mapping mode and cognition of Chinese and Russian human nouns metaphor, and the impact of World Language Picture(WLP) factor on the Chinese and Russian human nouns cognition. The author starts from the conceptual metaphor theory, divides the Chinese and Russian human nouns metaphorical mapping mode into: the mapping from human nouns domain to the non-human nouns domain, there are shape, position and function of the three aspects; mapping from non-human nouns domain to the domain of human nouns, mainly contains the mapping from color concept domain the human noun domain, the mapping from the plants concept domain to humans noun domain and the mapping from animal concept domains to human noun domain. In terms of Russian and Chinese human nouns metaphor cognition, the author divides it into analog type and highlight type. And as a basic tool for creating WLP, the human nouns metaphor is considered to be the reality of categorization and conceptualization of the basic thinking activity. People not only use the metaphor to express their ideas, but also to think with metaphors. Culture meaning of human nouns metaphor is one of the core elements of the concept of the WLP. The cultural differences is the key element, which shapes the differences between Chinese and Russian human body nouns metaphor.In conclusion, the author summarizes the main viewpoints of the paper, and also points out shortcomings of the dissertation.