Powers And The Sino-soviet Relations Research(1917-1924)

From after the October Revolution in May1924, powers to play anactive part in the process of China’s relations with the Soviet Union. Powersinvolved in making the sino-soviet relations between the two countries wasmore complicated, had important influence on the sino-soviet relations. Thispaper discusses powers and1917-1924. The Beijing government to SovietRussia diplomatic relations, reveals the full view this stage in thedevelopment of sino-soviet relations and its influencing factors.In this paper, besides introduction and conclusion, the main body iscomposed of three parts.The first chapter mainly analyzes after the October Revolution from1917toearly1920, powers intervention and impact of sino-soviet relations. At thistime, due to the changed of international and domestic politics, sino-sovietmainly between opposing relationship, this was because powers attitudetowards Soviet Russia. Powers for different reasons and purpose, toparticipate in and interference to sino-soviet relations, and had a directimpact. Powers forced China’s participation in armed intervention in SovietRussia, prop up the old Russian forces, opposition to stop paying boxerindemnity, against China’s stop relationship with old Russian representative,interference in Outer Mongolia and for the Chinese Eastern Railway. Because of the influence of the complex international situation and powers,at that time, China has taken and powers consistent policy towards SovietRussia, the sino-soviet no direct diplomacy and negotiations between thetwo countries. But the important Chinese problem between the sino-soviettook a more positive policy and means, to safeguard the rights and interestsof China should enjoy. Nevertheless, because of the interference of powers,China’s efforts to little effect. Powers interference has increased thecomplexity of sino-soviet relations, also made the difficulties for thedevelopment of sino-soviet relations.The second chapter mainly analysis from the beginning of1920to thefirst half of1922, China and Soviet Russia began preliminary diplomaticengagement period, powers interference and influence of sino-sovietrelations. During this period, Soviet Russia began to actively diplomacywith China, issued declarations in China, shows that always want to set upequal diplomatic relations with China’s position. Due to powers, Chinadidn’t respond to Soviet Russia’s declaration, not with the representative ofSoviet Russia further contact.China was now a man with no opportunity toestablish new diplomatic relations with Soviet Russia. At the same time, theJapanese want to seizure of outer Mongolia, prop up the old Russian bandittroops of the crisis, China internal struggle, without considering the situationin outer Mongolia, Soviet Russia had invaded the outer Mongolia excuse,outer Mongolia finally out of China. Due to the special status of the Chinese Eastern Railway, powers adhere to common management the ChineseEastern Railway, Soviet Russia also insists on the rights and interests of theChinese Eastern Railway. Although at this stage of China and Soviet Russiahad contact, but not the establishment of diplomatic ties, China due topowers‘s the interference and repression, failing to grasp the opportunity, onthe question of Soviet Russia had lost opportunity, and gradually lost theinitiative with Soviet diplomacy.The third chapter mainly analyzes in the second half of1922to May1924, Soviet Russia on behalf of Joffe and Karakhan to cope with China,powers of the interference of sino-soviet relations. At this stage due to thechanges of international and domestic situation, the Soviet union changed onChina’s strategy, and actively use political struggle within China, adding topressure on the government in Beijing, in the sino-soviet negotiations at thediplomatic relations between the upper hand. Although powers with theSoviet Union had contacts, because interest relations, still to interfere withthe sino-soviet negotiations. Because the pressure of powers, the SovietUnion’s attitude changed and civil strife, made China completely lost theinitiative towards the Soviet Union. Eventually the sino-soviet formalestablishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries, but part ofthe problem was not so good.The conclusion part reviews powers from1917to1924the impact ofthe intervention of the relations between China and the Soviet Union. Powers to the influence of sino-soviet relations in different stages aredifferent: In the early, due to the October revolution, powers united in theiropposition to Soviet Russia, and trying to compete for the old Russianinterests in China, and actively interference in sino-soviet relations, Chinaand powers to take consistent, with Soviet Russia completely opposite, butmaintain the part of the economic rights.In the middle, powers changed theattitude toward Soviet Russia, some countries began to contact SovietRussia, but still refused to give up intervention for important issues betweenSoviet Russia, its action also affected the Beijing government’s policy onSoviet Russia, make China missed many opportunities.In the later,theSoviet union position basically stable, Soviet Russia’s attitude to China’sincreasingly tough, powers were interference, the Beijing government beingsuppressed, unable to got rid of diplomatic predicament, eventually partgave up China’s sovereignty and economic rights. Powers interferencereason was various, on the one hand was to prevent the spread ofcommunism, on the other hand was powers covet of old Russian‘s interestsin China, on the other hand was because powers for interests in China andinternational hegemony, and the Beijing government’s weakness was alsoimportant. The interference of powers in the sino-soviet relations, on the onehand, the sino-soviet relations between the two countries on the road full offrustrations.On the one hand, to make China more tend to establish "equaldiplomatic relations" with Soviet Russia. On the one hand, also make Soviet Russia had to adjust foreign policy toward China time with excuses.Interference of powers in the sino-soviet relations during this period, did notget out to get more interests in China. On the contrary make Soviet Russiabecomes the biggest beneficiary from this period.