Disintegration And Reconstruction: Hubei In The Ming-Qing Cataclysm 1633-1690

Due to the success of the imperial and culture, Late Ming Period became the third development summit of Hubei province following Chunqiu Period and Three Kingdoms Period. A-large number of cultural elites formed a strong group to become a major force in the local business. By 1600, Active local leaders have died. With the uneven distribution of resources, blockage of social mobility and class conflicts, civil commotion, slave rebellion, riots of official students which lasted several decades. The collapse of social order started from the inside. By Chongzhen years, internal conflicts and peasant uprising outbroke at the same time, the golden age of the late Ming came to an end.To save the situation, official students in Hubei issued a series of statements about prevention and rehabilitation by the atmosphere of pragmatism and political discussions. They tried to break the shackles of Examination System and squeezed into the officialdom by a non-formal way,or tried to associate with celebrities. When the situation deteriorated, these political discussions gradually reflected a strong sense of place. They repeatedly emphasized that "in order to protect hometown" and other viewpoints, which reflecting a thinking trajectory from "World Security" retreated to "Domeland Security".After the bandits into Hubei, official defense system collapsed, the local community has had to strengthen the power of the defenders to protect themselves and keep the township. Local gentry replaced the local official to became the local protector. Under their leadership, a lot of community self-defense formed resulting in a high degree of local armed. At the same time, the war also stimulated local internal spies, traitors, opportunists, thieves breeding, resulting in geography, division and confrontation, local identity on the social order into chaos.While the era theme was exile regime and order collapse, "Wandering" and "Hideaway" has become the people’s normal life.Geographical and kinship broke because of the war, a large number of people flowing to the countryside, rivers and lakes, Jiangnan. Route selection reflected the anticipation of the war situation and the regime’s identity. Scholars reflected on rebellion and regime change, re-examine the relationship between the individual, regional and dynasty.Then, local community began to clean up traces of the war for urban redevelopment. Walls, government offices, school house as a symbol of local politics and culture of the earliest to be rebuilt. But the palace of Chu were abandoned,the new urban landscape gave the city a new cultural memory. Social rehabilitation process was interrupted by Sanfan revolt, the Local community were asked to focus all resources supply troops.This exacerbated localism and the broking of regional cooperation. After the chaos,the government started to clean up the local armed forces, which led to chaos of Xiafenglong. The Government took the opportunity to test the loyalty and response capacity of the local military force local officials, and thereafter to realize the importance of strengthening the military control of Hubei Province. The rumor caused due the chaos of Xiafenglong also implied the story about Ming Dynasty remained in place, Kangxi Emperor resolved the issue of loyalty by rewarding loyalists and cleaned up the place thinking.Folk memories of the war memorial experienced from the individual, family mourning, local worship,govement commendation to the public memorial, which was a cultural construction and cultural mobilization process. Remembrance and Memorial theme has also undergone a subtle change, become victims of honor from the family’s pain. Ming Dynasty disappeared, the Qing Dynasty identity completed while the Cultural Memory process. The literati scattered and cultural decline, resulting Hubei " Scholars are not known" in the early Qing Dynasty. Hubei culture gradually lost lively and open compared with late Ming period,it was into a narrow academic circle area. Cultural self-confidence and rebellious spirit almost disappeared in the eighteenth century, the seventeenth century come to an end as a cultural cycles.