A Study On Korean Students’ Acquisition Of Modern Chinese Complex Sentence And The Sentence Selection Strategies

Investigation of students’ Chinese grammar acquisition has now become one of hot topics about a second language acquisition research. However, almost all of the results of such researches are used to study the special sentence patterns, For example, the "把"sentence,"被" sentence, comparative sentence, existential sentences etc. What is the foreign students’ acquisition of modern Chinese complex sentence? Research on this topic is almost never done.First, this paper has collated the ontological researches on the modern Chinese sentence patterns. The ontological research on the modern Chinese sentence patterns started earlier. This research had reached its climax in the beginning of this century. But the scholars have not reached consensus on the definition of modern Chinese sentence pattern. Therefore the terms about sentence patterns(句式、句型等) is not still clear. The definitions on the "sentence patterns" are not much, therefore, the meaning and connotation of "sentence patterns" also needs further research. Next, this paper has collated the researches on the second language acquisition of the modern Chinese sentence patterns. That have experienced mostly two phases:the analysis of sentence patterns errors, the research on sentence patterns acquisition. But, these researches are relatively concentrated, and therefore they lack generalization.Chapter two is based on the achievements of the ontological researches on the modern Chinese sentence patterns and the reaches on second language acquisition of modern Chinese sentence patterns. This paper has collated and evaluated the simple sentence system, the special sentence patterns system and the complex sentence system from three aspects——the classification standards, the amounts of sentence patterns and the way of description. Next, on the basis of the views of the ontological researches of modern Chinese sentence patterns, this paper has made clear for the definition of sentence patterns, and has set limits of complex sentence patterns for this paper to investigate. That limits are11complex sentence patterns and53subordinate complex sentence patterns.Chapter three had investigated the difficulty of the Korean students’ acquisition of53subordinate complex sentence patterns. The corpus of this investigation is from the Beijing Language and Culture University "HSK dynamic corpus". Three commonly used methods in the investigation of the difficulty of acquisition are the relative frequency of correct use method(正确使用相对频率法),acquisition interval method(习得区间法)and implicational scale method(蕴涵量表法).The first and second methods are on the basis of the correct use of relative frequency of a sentence in a hierarchy. Consider the usage frequency of a sentence will greatly influence the correct use of relative frequency, the conclusion will have a certain deviation, we first take the "three-frequency-comprehensive method(三频综合法)”which combine the sentence pattern usage frequency, the frequency of use, the frequency of use level right to preliminary investigate on the53kinds of sentence patterns of Korean students’ Acquisition difficulty. The implicational scale method(蕴涵量表法)is based on the correct usage frequency of a sentence in a hierarchy, which can reflect the acquisition situation.of a sentence in each level more effectively. In order to reflect the Korean students’ acquisition difficulty of complex sentences more effectively, we also adopted the implicational scale method(蕴涵量表法)for the second expedition. The two survey conclusion produced a larger differences on the sentences which are easily acquisition, the sentences which are difficult to learn, the sentences which are more difficult to learn and the sentences which are not be learned, except the sentences which are easily learned. After comprehensive analysis of the reasons of the difference, we comprehens two methods conclusion, get the last conclusion:the difficulty of the Korean students’ acquisition of53subordinate complex sentence patterns is:there are12sentences which are most easily to grasp,10sentences which are easy to grasp,23sentences which are more difficult to grasp,5sentences which are hardest to grasp, in addition to three for defects of corpus sentences. Last, we also adopt "three-frequency-comprehensive method(三频综合法)”investigates the Korean students’ acquisition difficulty of11kinds of sentence types. The acquisition difficulty from low to high as follows:Y(causal clause)>Z(Transitional sentence> M(Objective clause)>J(hypothesis compound sentence)>JS (explains complex sentence>D(The progressive duplicate sentences)> B(Compound complex sentence)=T(progressive duplicate sentences juxtaposed complex conditional clause)> X(Selective complex Chinese sentence)=L(Coherent complex sentences)>R (Concessions complex sentence).Chapter four classified and summarized the errors of Korean students’ acquisition of53kinds of Complex sentences. A total of ten types of errors are obtained:related words errors, related words misuse, related words wrong order, related words omission, related words diffuse, The related sentences errors, sentence combination, parts of speech errors, sentence format into differentiation, other misconduct and the other. In these types, related words errors, related words omission, related words misuse have most error cases, accounted for nearly80%of the total error cases, respectively32.51%,28.53%,18.66%. There are much Chinese Words in Korean language, those words which pronunciation, meaning is same or similar to Chinese are good to the Korean students’ acquisition of Chinese related words. At the same time, because the meaning of many Chinese Words in Korean does not corresponding to Chinese words, so it is easily to understand generalization or misunderstand Chinese sentence words meaning, the resulting correlation malapropism. In addition, the Korean language is a typical, agglutinative language which grammatical meaning is rely on the changes of suffix (the same to the Complex sentence).therefore, it is difficult for the Korean students to remember and use the related words of Chinese Complex sentences, so the Korean students will produce a large number of related word deletion and related words in correct sequence error. There are many Chinese sentence related words which are similar to other related words in forms and meanings, those similarity make the Korean students product related words misuse error when use these words.When Korean students output Chinese, they tend to turn to mother tongue. In addition to the amount of the use of the sentences which is similar to Chinese sentences in their mother tongue, even make many mistakes. Korean students also often adopt a simplified strategy:before the Complex sentences have be mastered, Korean students often will put Complex sentence format into Simple sentences so that the Complex sentence format become a component; many related words have elided forms, the frequency of Korean students using these omitted forms is much higher than that of non.; Related words syllable is also influenced Korean students to chosse sentences, selection of small number of syllables, two-syllable words, will reduce the probability of error.Chapter five focuses on the condition of complex sentences selection and layout, the condition of complex sentences reproduction in the "language points" and the texts, the condition of complex sentences in the exercise of textbook series "The Road to Success"." The road to success" is based on the "Study Outline"."The Road to Success" do not completely covered all the complex sentences as the "Study Outline" required, there are many commonly used sentences are not compiled into the books, but it follows the basic orders outline as required. The problems include:the arrangement of complex sentences focus too much on quasi intermediate textbooks, and in teaching materials, large number of sentences patterns present as conjunction or adverb, rather than sentences, that are not conducive to teaching and learning. The complex sentences repetition rates in the language points and the text of "The Road to Success" are not high, and the present unbalanced. Disequilibrium is embodied in two:first, some complex sentences repetition rate is very high, some is very low, even to zero; second, some complex sentences repetition focused on a certain class or some classes. The defects of complex sentences exercise arrangement are insufficient numbers, type is not rich enough, the lack of specific practice. Finally, this paper combines the Korean students’ acquisition of complex sentences difficulty, the types of errors on complex sentence to give some suggestions about in editing complex sentences in Chinese textbooks and complex sentence teaching.