Chinese Centenarians Gut Microbiota And Its Correlation With High-Fiber Diet

Dietary fiber is an important component of the polysaccharide and is one of the important affecting human healthy, which regulates gastrointestinal function, other important nutrients and bacterial community structure, although it is not digested by host. Hence, the aim of present study is to characterize gut microbiota of Chinese centenarians who living Bama Yao Autonomous County (Guangxi, China) which is a famous longevous region and its correlation with high-fiber diet, helping with understanding the roles of diet in maintaining host health and serveing the society.Gut microbiota of the various parts of the world centenarians are gradually been reported. However, by now, little is known about the structure of Bama, Guangxi, China which is affected by diet In the current study, Dietary FFQ23, Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing, nested-PCR-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), genus-specific clone libraries and real-time PCR were performed on Bama centenarians, Bama younger elderlies and Nanning elderlies, respectively, which were applied to explore the structure of diet, gut microbiota, Bifidobacterium species, Lactobacilli species and the effects of diet on their gut microbiota. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of gut microbiota and its correlation with diet in Bama centenarians.Firstly, the results of Bama diets were rich in porridge, coarse food, dark vegetables and red meat and considered as high-fiber diet. Except grain intake in centenarians and vegetables intake in Bama younger elderly account for 71.43% and 52.63% of recommended intakes, other food intake was less than 15%, among which red meat and poultry intake level significantly higher than Nanning elderly (p< 0.05). Dietary fiber intakes of elderly in longevous region was significantly higher than Nanning elderly (p< 0.05), and vitamin A intake account for 100% of recommended intakes in centenarians. The three major nutrient contents’energy supply are disordered in centenarians that protein accounts for 17.94%, fat 35.82%, carbohydrates 52.23%, and the results showed that the dietary guidelines recommended was not suitable for healthy elderly.The second part of the present study was a cohort study including 8 centenarians (aged 100-108 years; RC),8 younger elderlies (aged 85-99 years; RE) living in Bama County, Guangxi, China and 8 younger elderlies (aged 80-92 years; CE) living in Nanning city, Guangxi, China. Gut microbiota diversity and its assembly associated with age and diet in all volunteers was profiled by Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing of the V4 region of 16S rDNA gene. The effects of dietry pattern, food intake and nutrient intake changes on gut microbiota were explored by multivariate statistics. The results revealed both a and β diversity showed structural segregation with age and diet among the three populations (p< 0.05) and the principal differences were the significant greater in the abundances of Roseburia and Escherichia, whereas significantly less in the abundances of Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, Coprococcus, Megamonas, Mitsuokella, Sutterella and Akkermansia in centenarians at the genus level (p< 0.05). The study also found that the OTUs of Ruminococcaceae and high-fiber diet was positively correlated and positive correlation between Roseburia and coarse food intake or dietary fiber intake, respectively were founded.The third part of the present study was to investigate the quantity and prevalence of fecal Bifidobacterium in healthy longevous individuals. Fecal samples from 8 Bama centenarians,8 Bama younger elderlies and 8 Nanning younger elderlies were analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to analyze the diversity of Bifidobacterium species. Species-specific clone library was constructed to determine the phylotypes in three groups. Differences between species were analyzed by Quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology (qPCR) and the effects of food intake and nutrient intake changes on fecal Bifidobacterium species were explored by multivariate statistics. Centenarians tend to have more complex fecal Bifidobacterium species than young elderlies from different regions. In addition to B. minimum, B. saecularmay/B. pullorum/B. gallinarum and B. mongoliense were only found in centenarians, B. dentium, B. longum, B. thermophilum, B. pseudocatenulatum/B. catenulatum and B. adolescentis were common in fecal of centenarians and young elderlies. In addition, Bifidobacterium species found in centenarians were different from those found in Bama young elderly and Nanning young elderly, and the principal differences were the significant increase in the population of B. longum (p< 0.05) and B. dentium (p< 0.05), and the reduction in the frequency of B. adolescentis (p< 0.05), respectively. The study also found that the content of B. longum and red meat intake was positively correlated, positive correlation between B. adolescentis and freshwater fish intake and negative correlation between B. thermophilum and carbohydrate intake were founded, respectively.Finally, The study was to investigate the quantity and prevalence of fecal Lactobacilli in healthy longevous individuals. Fecal samples from 8 Bama centenarians,8 Bama younger elderlies and 8 Nanning younger elderlies were analyzed using PCR-DGGE, species-specific clone library and qPCR. In addition, the effects of food intake and nutrient intake changes on fecal Lactobacilli species were explored by multivariate statistics. Centenarians tend to have more complex fecal Lactobacilli species than young elderlies from different regions. The homofermenters Lactobacilli group was increased, whereas the heterofermenters Lactobacilli group was rearranged in centenarians, among which the amount of L. acidophilus, L. fermentum, Weissella confusa and Leuconostoc lactis in centenarians was marked higher(p< 0.05), and the prevalent of L. fermentum and W. confusa was significantly higher(p< 0.05). W. confusa, L. acidophilus, and L. reuteri were responsible for differentiation three groups of Lactobacillus species, and there was a negative correlation between W. confusa and L. reuteri (p< 0.05). The study also found that the content of W. confuse and porridge, coarse food, red meat intake was positively correlated, negative correlation between L. reuteri and dietary fiber intake were founded,In conclusion, we have indicated that, centenarians tend to have higher coarse food intake and more complex gut microbiota communities than young elderlies from different regions. Gut microbiota communities, Bifidobacterium species and Lactobacilli species are distinct in centenarians compared with healthy younger elderlies. The prevalence and diversity of friendly bacteria, such as Roseburia, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacilli may affect longevity. In this study, dietary pattern and gut microbiota of centenarians were analyzed fully, which generate basic data that will provide a foundation for the research of longevity.