The Response Of The Growing And Physiology And Biochemistry Index Of Camellia Oleifera To Different Habitats On The Northern Edge

Camellia oleifera Abel. is a specific kind of edible oil tree which has economic,ecological and social benefits for our country. It is fond of light and warm and moist climate, and it requires that the annual average temperature should be at 14~22℃, and the average annual rainfall should be over 800 mm. However, it also can grow well even if the soil is not good enough. In recent years, as for the development of C.oleifera, China has put forward the policy of "north south expansion". Anhui province is a climate transition region from subtropical to warm temperate zone, which is the northern margin of C. oleifera. The dominant factor of affecting the fertility and yeild in the northern margin of C. oleifera is the temperature and the site condition.Elevation, slope, latitude and so on have indirect effects on growth and development of C. oleifera by affecting the factors such as temperature, humidity and light.Therefore, the research on the northern margin of C. oleifera physiological and biochemical of different habitats response to regularity and mechanism can provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of northern margin of C. oleifera and "Northward moving of C. oleifera”, and what’s more, the research promoting the healthy and rapid development of C. oleifera industry in Anhui is of great significance.This paper chose the habitat conditions of 8 different elevations, 4 different slopes and 3 different latitudes in order to systematically study the differences of the growth of the spring shoots of C. oleifera, cell physiological active substances and the main chemical composition, analyze the relevance of the each indicator to the habitat under different habitat conditions and explore the physiological and biochemical of the natural habitat response to mechanism and laws. The results of the research indicated that as follows:1. With the increase of the elevation, the new shoot length, the new shoot weight,the new shoot diameter and the new shoot leaf numbers of C. oleifera decreased gradually, and each of them decreased by 49.04﹪, 36.79﹪,21.55﹪, 50﹪, but C.oleifera leaf weight ratio increased by 25.26﹪.With the increase of the latitude, the spring shoot length, the new shoot weight, the new shoot diameter and the new shoot leaf numbers of C. oleifera decreased gradually and each of them decreased by50.00%、36.70%、27.95%、40.78%, but the average of leaf weight ratio increased16.80%. The amount of growth and leaf weight ratio at different slopes had a tendency: South Slope> East Slope> West Slope>North Slope. The analysis of the correlation indicated that the correlation between the amount of growth and theelevation is extremely significant(p<0.01). The new shoot length, the new shoot weight and leaf weight ratio had significant correlation with slope(p<0.05). The new shoot length had significant correlation with latitude(p<0.05). The correlation between leaf weight ratio and latitude reached a extremely significant level(p<0.01).2. With the rise of the elevation and latitude, the ratio of bound water/free water of C. oleifera increased gradually. In general, it showed a tendency: North Slope> West slope> East Slope>South Slope. Each of them increased by 100%、46.15%、33.33%.The analysis of the correlation indicated that the ratio of bound water/free water had significant correlation and there was no significant correlation between the ratio of bound water/free water and the latitude.3. The study showed that the relative conductivity of C. oleifera leaves increased with the rise of the elevation and the latitude and it showed a tendency: South Slope>East Slope> West Slope>North Slope. Each of them increased by 28.37%and 15.81%at different elevations and latitudes. Each of them decreased by 21.26%at different slopes. The analysis of the correlation indicated that the relative conductivity of C.oleifera leaves had no significant correlation with the elevation, the slope and the latitude(p<0.05).4. Leaves MDA and Pro content of C. oleifera increased with the rise of the elevation and the latitude. They had a tendency: North Slope> West Slope> East Slope>South Slope at different slopes. Soluble sugar content increased with the rise of the elevation and the latitude. They had a tendency: South Slope>East Slope>West Slope>North Slope at different slopes. The analysis of the correlation indicated that MDA had significant correlation with the elevation(p<0.05) and it had no significant correlation with the slope and the latitude(p>0.05). Pro had significant correlation with the elevation and slope(p<0.05) and it had extremely significant correlation with the latitude( p<0.01). Pro content had significant correlation with the elevation and the slope(p<0.05) and it had extremely significant correlation with the latitude( p<0.01).5. C. oleifera leaf CAT, POD and SOD activity increased with the rise of the elevation and the latitude. CAT, POD and SOD enzyme activity had a tendency: North Slope>West Slope> East Slope>South Slope at different slopes. The analysis of the correlation indicated that C. oleifera leaf CAT, POD and SOD activity had significant correlation with the elevation(p<0.05). POD and CAT had extremely significant correlation with the slope(p<0.01). CAT had significant correlation with the latitude(p<0.05). SOD had extremely significant correlation with the latitude(p<0.01).6. The contents of C. oleifera leaves lignin, cellulose, holocellulose and benzene-ethanol extracts increased with the rise of the elevation and the latitude. The chemical composition content of C. oleifera branches, leaves showed a tendency:South Slope> East Slope> West Slope>North Slope at four different slopes. The analysis of the correlation indicated that each of the main chemical composition indicators of C. oleifera branches, leaves showed extremely significant correlation with the elevation(p<0.01). Branches lignin, leaves lignin, leaf cellulose and benzene-ethanol extracts of leaves had significant correlation with the slope(p<0.05).Branch cellulose had extremely significant correlation(p<0.01). C.oleifera holocellulose of leaves, benzene-ethanol extracts of leaves, benzene-ethanol extracts of branches had extremely significant correlation with the latitude(p<0.01).Above all, obvious changes of every growth and physiological and biochemical indicator took place in different habitats. For example, in Shucheng Xiaoshan, as the elevation rose from 100 m to 800 m, the new shoot length and new shoot leaf numbers respectively decreased by 49.04 % and 50.00 %. The content of MDA and pro respectively increased by 759.01 % and 194.39 %. POD, CAT and SOD enzyme activities respectively increased by 120.06%,165.32%and 62.47%.The changes of these indicators had great importance in revealing resisting property mechanism of C.oleifera of northern margin.