| The purposes of this study were to investigate silage fermentation dynamic and effect of different treatment on silage fermentation quality and meat quality of banana stalks and leaves through laboratory silage fermentation test and slaughter test. Four experiments were included in this study:Exp.l Comparison was conducted for nutrients and phenol contents of banana pseudo-stem, whole plant, leaf, blade and petiole midrib. Fresh banana plants were selected after harvest. The results showed that chemical compositions and phenol contents of different morphology of banana plants were significantly different (P<0.0001). The nutrients of pseudo-stem and whole plant were lower than other morphology (P<0.05), but total phenol and tannin phenol contents were significantly lower than other parts (P<0.05), and crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of pseudo-stem were significantly lower than whole plant (P<0.05). However, Total phenol (TP) and non-tannin phenol (NTP) contents of banana whole plants were significantly lower than banana stem (P<0.05). The test results indicated that banana pseudo-stem and whole plants were more suitable as roughage.Exp.2Banana pseudo-stem and whole plant were investigated to examine the dynamic changes on nutrients and fermentation parameters of ensiling fermentation. The results showed that compared with pre-ensiling, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of pseudo-stem and whole plant silage decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the change was very small after50days silage fermentation. CP content of pseudo-stems and whole plants were significantly increased in silage50days (P<0.05). Total phenol, non-tannin phenol, total tannin and condensed tannin content of whole plant in the silage50days increased significantly (P<0.05) and showed the tendency of linear increase (L, P<0.05; Q, P <0.05) throughout ensiling process. TP, total tannin (TT) and condensed tannins (CT) of pseudo-stem had increasing trend, and TT and CT content were minimum in silage40days. The pH value and lactic acid content of pseudo-stem and whole plant were affected significantly by silage fermentation times. In silage30days, lactic acid content were significantly increased (P<0.05). pH value was significantly decreased (P<0.05) and were not significant changes in the later silage fermentation. Silage fermentation had no effect on isobutyric acid and butyric acid content. Banana pseudo-stem and whole plant can be effectively saved by silage, and were stable after ensiling50days. Whole plants were better than stem on fermentation characteristics.Exp.3Silage fermentation quality was studied in banana stem and whole plant added by corn flour or rice bran, and then in vitro gas technology and in sacco degradation technique were used in effects of different processed banana pseudo-stem and whole plant silage on in vitro gas production, fermentation parameters and rumen degradation of chemical compositions. Six processed groups:control1(banana pseudo-stem silage), JM group (fresh banana pseudo-stem+10%rice bran), JY group (fresh banana+4%corn flour), control2(banana plant silage), QM group (fresh banana plant+10%rice bran), QY group (fresh banana plant+4%corn flour). The results showed that dry matter (DM), WSC, CP content and gross energy (GE) of banana pseudo-stem and whole plant silage were increased after adding rice bran or corn. NDF and ADF content were significantly increased (P<0.05) after ensiling of adding rice bran in stems and whole plant. However, they were not significant after adding corn. For silage fermentation products, pH value was significant difference (P<0.05) between JM group (4.29) and other treatment group (3.82-3.93). The ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen concentration of Control1and JM group were significantly higher than that of other treatment group (P<0.05), and QY group was lowest (8.80%). For lactic acid concentration, control2was highest (6.28%, P<0.05), JM group was minimum (2.99%, P<0.05). In vitro gas production test was found that compared to single ensiling of stem or plant, gas production, concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid and valeric acid were decreased significantly (P<0.05) after stems silage added rice bran or whole plant. For rumen degradation, rapid degradation faction (a), DM:J group was highest, the second is QY group. CP:QY group was highest. NDF and ADF:JY group was highest, closed to QY group. Degradation rate (c), DM and ADF:JY group is highest. CP:JM was highest group, the second is QY group. NDF:control1was highest, followed by JY group. The trend of effective degradation rate (ED) of all of nutrient compositions was that silage added corn flour was much higher than silage added rice bran. The effective degradation rate of phenol and tannin of QY group were highest and TP and CT of QM were lowest, TT of control1is lowest. This experiment results suggested that ensiled quality of banana whole plant can be improved significantly after adding corn flour and silage quality is good. Not only can improve gas production, but also can improve rumen degradability of nutrient composition and phenol.Exp.4Effects of different ensiling treatments of banana stem and leaf on animal growth performance, carcass quality and meat quality influence. Twelve Yunnan yellow cattle were selected. The cattle were divided into three treatment groups:group1(banana stem and leaf+4%corn flour), group2(70%banana stem and leaf+30%straw silage), group3(70%banana stem and leaf+30%sugarcane tip). The results showed the trend that total weight and average daily gain of feeding group1cattle were significantly higher than feeding of group2and group3cattle (P<0.1). Among of groups had no significant difference in carcass indicators and proportion of high grade and quality meat. For meat quality (sirloin, chuck and rump), the moisture, DM, protein and fat content had no significant difference among of groups on feeding different ensiling treatments of banana stem and leaf. Sirloin pH value of group1was significantly higher than in group2and3(P<0.05), the shear force value of group3was significantly higher than that of group1and2(P<0.05). The experiment results suggested that silage70%banana stem and leaf+30%sugarcane tip had an adverse effect on tender degree of sirloin and chuck. From ensiling quality side, quality of silage4%corn flour and banana stem and leaf was best, which can be applied to daily feeding cattle. |
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