Research On Mechanism Improving Production Efficiency Of Oats And Peas On Agronomic Traits,Silage Quality And Beef Cattle Performance

High quality forage grass is the foundation for supporting the high-quality development of animal husbandry and the supply of important agricultural products.Developing new production and supply models of high quality forage grass has become a research hotspot.Based on the study of the effects of mixed sowing of oat(O)and pea(P)at different ratios on forage biomass and soil quality in the ecotone of agriculture and animal husbandry of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,this study mainly studied the effects of five different mixed sowing ratios of oat and pea(10:0,8:2,7:3,5:5,and 0:10)and modulation methods(adding highland barley straw or rapeseed meal)on the quality of mixed silage,and further explored the impact of optimized mixed silage based diet on beef cattle production performance.The specific research results are as follows:(1)The effect of mixed sowing of oats and peas on the biological characteristics of forage.The response characteristics of soil nutrient availability,forage agronomic traits,biomass and nutritional composition to the oat pea mixed sowing ratio and harvest time were clarified.According to the comprehensive evaluation of fresh weight yield,and nutritional composition,the mixed sowing of oats and peas at a ratio of 5:5(O5P5 group)had a relatively optimal harvest effect at the milk ripening stage.The results of principal component analysis showed that the two harvest periods mainly had an impact on the differentiation of soil physical and chemical properties,while there was no significant difference between different harvest periods and different mixed planting ratios.(2)The effect of mixed sowing of oats and peas on the quality of forage silage.The study proposed a suitable mixing ratio and harvest period for mixing oat pea silage.The results showed that the fermentation and nutritional quality of wrapped silage were higher than other mixing treatment combinations at 5:5(O5P5 group)and 8:2(O8P2 group)for oat pea mixed forage.After 30 days of silage,the lactate content of the O5P5 group harvested during the milk ripening period was higher than that of the other groups at 0.97-2.73% DM,with the lowest p H value and the highest crude protein content.The silage quality reached a high-quality level.(3)The effect of adding different agricultural by-products on the quality of blended oat and pea silage.Through principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation of membership function,it is concluded that the five indicators of CP,ADF,WSC,Ash and LA of oat pea mixed silage can be used as representative indicators for comprehensive evaluation of the comprehensive quality of oat pea mixed silage.A comprehensive evaluation of the quality of oat pea forage mixed silage with agricultural by-products barley straw and rapeseed meal was conducted using membership functions.The results showed that the top three groups in terms of mixed silage quality were the O5P5+rapeseed meal group at the initial flowering stage,the O7P3+rapeseed meal group at the initial flowering stage,and the O5P5 group at the milk ripening stage,with membership functions of 0.71,0.69,and 0.68,respectively.(4)Effects of oat and pea mixed with silage diet on fattening performance of beef cattle.A comparative study was conducted on the fattening effect of oat pea mixed silage diet on beef cattle through feeding experiments.The results showed that compared with the whole plant corn silage feeding method,feeding oat pea mixed silage(5:5)diet can increase the dry matter intake of beef cattle by an average of 1.24kg(P < 0.05),increase the average daily weight gain by 0.4kg(P < 0.05),and reduce the feed to weight ratio by 21.4%(P < 0.05)without affecting the growth performance of beef cattle,The cost of raising was reduced by 5.6 yuan/kg(P < 0.05).(5)Comprehensive benefit analysis.Comprehensive analysis of the productivity of the oat pea mixed seeding system and the benefits of beef cattle breeding shows that the productivity of the oat pea mixed seeding system at the milk ripening stage is the highest and the dry matter,energy value,crude protein,neutral detergent fiber,and acidic detergent fiber provided are the highest when the oat pea ratio is 5:5(O5P5 group).After 30 days of silage fermentation,the cost benefit ratio adjusted by RFV also reaches the highest level.At the same time,the oat: pea ratio of 5:5(O5P5 group)feeding mode requires less land area to produce beef,has higher production efficiency,and is more profitable than the traditional feeding mode for beef cattle.In a word,when oats and peas are 5:5(O5P5 group),harvesting,processing and utilization of oats and peas mixed with artificial grassland silage have the best economic benefits.