Effects Of Ecological Function Fertilizers On Yield And Quality Of Liquorice And Its Physiological Basis

From2011to2013, the field experiment was conducted to reveal the effects ofNo fertilizer, Palygorskite, Ratio of NPK fertilizer, Mineral inorganic fertilizer,Humic acid organic fertilizer and Mineral organic fertilizer on the growth,photosynthetic, carbon metabolism and nutrient absorption of licorice. And theprincipal component analysis was used to account for the formation mechanism ofyield and quality. The results would be good for the theory basis and technical supportto high quality, high yield and high efficiency of licorice cultivation. The main resultsare as follows:1. Indexes of growth and physiology were different at different growth periods.①The plant height increased with the growth. July to September, it increased rapidly;in September and October, it increased slowly; in October and November, it increasedslightly. The leaf number presented a unimodal curve patterns, July to September,increased rapidly, the peaks occurred in September, and then decreased slowly. Thetaproot length and the reed head diameter increased slowly with the growth.②Netphotosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, contentof chlorophyll a, content of chlorophyll b and content of carotenoid presented aunimodal curve patterns respectively, July to September, increased rapidly, the peaksoccurred in late August and early September, and then decreased rapidly. IntercellularCO2concentration presented a “V” pattern change, July to September, it decreasedrapidly, the lowest occurred in late August and early September, and then it increasedrapidly.③SPS activity of leaf presented a unimodal curve patterns. July to October,it increased with the growth, the peaks occurred in late September, and then itdecreased rapidly. SS activity, soluble sugar content and sucrose content of leafincreased with the growth in every year. Starch content of leaf decreased with thegrowth in every year. Reducing sugar content of leaf presented a unimodal curvepatterns. July to September, it increased, the peak occurred in early September, andthen it decreased with the growth in every year.④Nitrogen, phosphorus andpotassium content of field soil decreased with the time in every year. And nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation amount of plant presented a unimodal curvepatterns.2. Different fertilizers brought different promoting for growth, photosynthesis,carbon metabolism, nutrient accumulation. And the rank of the promoting effect isthis: Mineral inorganic fertilizer, Ratio of NPK fertilizer, Mineral organic fertilizer,Humic acid organic fertilizer, Palygorskite.3. Under the treatment of Palygorskite, Humic acid organic fertilizer,Mineral organic fertilizer, Ratio of NPK fertilizer and Mineral inorganic fertilizer,yield of3years licorice was higher than the contrast by0.09%,4.72%,9.57%,22.22%and27.75%, the content of Licorice glycosides was higher than thePharmacopoeia (2010edition) standard0.57%,0.70%,0.76%,0.68%and0.87%, thecontent of glycyrrhizic acid was higher than the Pharmacopoeia (2010edition)standard0.57%,0.70%,0.76%,0.68%and0.87%. Different fertilizers broughtdifferent promoting for yield and quality of licorice, and the rank of the promotingeffect is this: Mineral inorganic fertilizer, Ratio of NPK fertilizer, Mineralorganicfertilizer, Humic acid organic fertilizer, Palygorskite.4. Under different fertilizer treatments, stomatal conductance, transpiration rateand soluble sugar content had higher contribution rate on yield and quality in allfactors affecting. Therefore, in actual production, we can strengthen the physiologicalregulation of those aspects, so as to achieve the objectives of high yield and goodquality.