Licorice Quality And Habitats In Its Study On Sustainable Development

In this paper, a comprehensive survey on the typical community of Glycyrrhiza inflata, G. glabra and G. uralensis were conducted by using community ecology, population ecology method in Northeast China, North China, Northwest China. G. uralensis in Hangjinqi was selected as study material, and fencing, wild uralensis excavation in different methods and artificial cultivation experiment and test were carred out to analyze the relationship among the community, quality of licorice root, and habitat environment. By using the richness indices, diversity indices, evenness indices and multi-factors liner regression, correlation analysis, we studied the relationships among licorice root quality, community change, environmental factors and productivity and management methods. The results of this paper provided references for the protection of wild licorice and licorice field cultivation.1. From the perspective of community ecology, spectrum of community life form, community characteristics of the species diversity, community similarity between plots of the key licorice communities in the North China was investigated. From the perspective of population ecology, the spatial distribution pattern of Glycyrrhiza living in different areas was analyzed through cluster-intensity coefficients, such as K-value of negative binomial, dispersal index(C),clumping index(Ⅰ) and index of patching intensity(M*/M).2. With fencing enclosure time, licorice species richness increased, while its diversity was firstly increased and then decreased, finally gradually diminished. For most species, their spatial pattern in community shifted from the random distribution to aggregated distribution and the important value of licorice in the population decreased. Glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizic acid content in the licorice root was the highest after 3 years fencing enclosure, but slightly decreased in the fifth years. The output of licorice root and Rhizome increased with the enclosure years, but the increasing rate was slow down gradually.3. Liquiritin was significantly negatively correlated with altitude, average temperature, annual average accumulated temperature (≥10℃), while it was highly significant positively correlated with annual average precipitation, moisture, longitude, latitude. Its regression equation is as following, y=1.971+0.025x1-0.369x2-0.001x3, (R2=0.935). where y the glycyrrhizin content; x1 the longitude; x2 the annual average temperature; x3 the elevation. However, Glycyrrhizin showed weak correlation with these environmental factors.4. Community characteristics could give some implications for the licorice quality. Glycyrrhizic acid and species richness (IGA,IMA) is significantly positively related;, Glycyrrhizic acid has the remarkable correlation with species diversity (Shannon-Wienner diversity index); Important values of licorice is significant negative correlated with Glycyrrhizic acid; Furthermore, significant positive correlations are found between Liquiritin and the richness of species richness, species richness IMA, species diversity, Shannon-Wienner diversity index and the total aboveground biomass. 5. Different excavation methods and excavation intensity in two years do not give significant influences on the species richness and species diversity in licorice community, but the community evenness had significant differences. The point-like excavation method as well as low-intensity licorice excavation method are conducive to community stability and the prevention of further desertification. Excavation methods and excavation intensity had no significant influence on growth of Glycyrrhiza, but the diameter of licorice root or rhizome changed significantly. The largest licorice root diameter was found in the block excavation method. Interaction between excavation methods and excavation intensity significantly affected the length of licorice roots, The licorice root is the longest under the block excavation method and at an intensity of 20%. The excavation methods also significant affect on the quality of licorice; the highest content of glycyrrhizic acid was found in the block excavation method. The interaction of excavation methods and excavation intensity could affect the content of glycyrrhizin. The excavation method that block excavation and 20% excavation intentsity or strip excavation and 50% intensity could improve the content of glycyrrhizin.6. Field surveys showed that the it is feasible to G. uralensis cultivation in the appropriate field without further man-made management. The intercropping experiment of Licorice and Ephedra showed that these two species is not suitable grow together.7. By anatomical observation of the roots and rhizomes of 3 species in licorice, the microstructure of licorice roots of the same species in different regions were significantly different, which made it is difficult to distinguish different kinds of licorice roots from their anatomical features. The quality of licorice roots from different reigons had significantly differences, but there were no significant differences among those three kinds of licorice species. "Tiexin licorice"(the central section is grayish brown or dark brown) has the special microstructure that one or more rings is constructed with cork cell in the marrow.The research characteristic and innovation of this thesis are as follows:(I)A model is established after an overall analysis of the possible effect of the various environment on the quality licorice.(2) The effects of the excavation method and the time fence years on the liquorice quality have been systematically studied, and the scientific information is provided to conduct dig wild licorice.(3)The model between licorice quality and community characteristics are established with MLR.