| Allium macrostemon Bunge is a kind of multi-purpose plant in Liliaceae, it not could be edible,but also has higher medical,such aspharmacologic actons of antioxidant, antibacterial,antiplatelet inflammation,lipidlowering, antitumor, enhancing immunity. A. macrostemon is investigated with different methods in phonological period, optimization of saponin extraction antiocidant capacity,antibacterial,relationship between saponin and sugars,degradation products.It would provide a theoretical basis for the development of A. macrostemon.The main results are as follows:1. The phenology of A. macrostemon can be measured off:seedling period,bulbs in swollen period,bolting period,flowering period,decline period.The seedling period was at the first ten days of May, the bulbs in swollen period was at the September, the decline period was at October.2. The best aqueous extraction of total saponin from A. macrostemon were performed about extraction time,the solid liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, extraction temperature.The result shows that the highest extraction rate of saponin is7.32%at70℃, for70min, solid liquid ratio of1:50, ethanol concentration is60%.3. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl), O2·-,·OH, reducing power and inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation of annual, biennal and three-year leaves and bulbs of total spaonion in A. macrostemon under different concentrations were determined by various antioxidant assays, so the vitro antioxidant activities of A. macrostemon was evaluated. The result showed that the antioxidant capacity of total spaonion of A. macrostemon increased with the increase of concentration; the scavenging acticities against DPPH, O2·-and·OH were77.30%,95.95%and91.96%, respectively, the scavenging capacity for O2·-is higher than AsA under the same concentration, but the reducing power is lower than AsA, at the concentration of800μg·mL-1at72h, the inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation was the strongest at a given concentration. The antioxidant capacity of total spaonion in A. macrostemon leaves are higher than bulbs’s under a certain concentrations.The leaves and bulbs of A. macrostemon would be a good material as natural antioxidant.4. The A. macrostemon would inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli,Bacillus subtilis.Slaphylococcus aureus,Aspergillus niger,Penicillium sp..Accharmyces cerevisia, the MIC(minimal inhibitory concentration) of Escherichia coli,Bacillus subtilis were37.5g·L-1, the MIC of Staphylococcus aureus,Spergillus niger,Penicillium sp. were75.5g·L-1。5. The content of saponion and sugars of A. macrostemon bulbs were determined to reveal the differences and characteristics among different drying methods, the result showed that the best drying method of saponin extraction is hot-air drying80℃,the major components of sugars were xylopyranose,sucrose,arabinose,glucose,L-rhamnose, galactose,glucuronic acid,galscturonic acid, the total saponin were positive correlation with sucrose、galscturonic acid、xylopyranose.6. The strong acid(HCL),alkali(NaOH),strong alkaili and weak acid(HAc) glycerol solution were used to degrade the total spaonin from A. macrostemon,and the results showed that there were thirteen compounds which were identified from the strong acid(HCL),alkali(NaOH),strong alkaili and weak acid(HAc) by GC-MS, the chromatography were used to solate the constituents from the degradation products,as Ethyl(dimethyl)ethoxysilane,2,5,8,11,14-Pentaoxahexadecan-16-ol, Octaethylee glycol,1,4,7,10,13,16-Hexaoxacyclooctadecane,Heptaethyleneglycol,(1S,1’S)-1,1’-Bis[2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxacyclooctadecane],1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid,butyl octyl ester, Dibutyl phthalate(2S,2’S)-2,2’-Bis[1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane], Octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, Heptaethylene glycol in the degradation products from the strong acid(HCL),alkali(NaOH),strong alkaili and weak acid(HAc).The highest transformation rate in the four methods mentioned above is in the strong alkaili. |
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