| Mechanized no-tillage precision sowing on summer maize is widely used and welcomed by farmers. But because the technology application time in our country is short, technology is not very perfect and its application effect is not very ideal, especially in Huanghuaihai plain (wheat-summer maize area). Sowing quality of summer maize has been serious influenced because of no-tilling straw mulching and soil water deficiency and high temperatures in planting season.And it causes summer maize yield to fall. This study of limiting factors analysis of no-tillage and precision sowing, its key controlling technologies and production mechanism in summer maize was made in Modern Agricultural Research and Development Base in Henan Province(YFJD), Mao Zhuang Test Station in ZhengZhou of Water Conservancy Academy in Henan Province, Liuan Village in Bridge North District of Henan Province(LAC), Henan Pingan Testing Ground Seed Industry Co., LTD (PAZY) by indoor test and field test in2011-2012on the basis of study in2005-2009. The study examined seed quality, soil water, tidal soil body configurations, agronomic measures and water-retaining agent and its key controlling technologies in summer maize. The aim was to analyze limiting factors of no-tillage and precision sowing to seek key controlling technologies for improving the sowing quality of mechanized planting summer maize in Huanghuaihai plain and finally provide theoretical basis for high and stable yield of summer maize research. Main results were as follows:1. Seed quality influence planting effect of no-tillage and precision sowing in summer maize. The difference of average single grain weight, standard deviation, coefficient of variation between common seeds with domestic precision sowing seeds did not reach significant level, and the germination rate was basically the same. Compared with Xianyu335, seeds of domestic varieties are bigger. The domestic precision sowing seeds compared with Xianyu335, averagely, the difference of single grain weight of the former increased than the latter, the emergence force and emergence percentage decreased, while the difference of germination rate was not significant.The difference of field emergence rate was not significant among precision sowing seeds, between precision sowing seeds and Zhengdan958. The difference of germination rate between Xianyu335and other varieties was significant.The difference of emergence uniformity and plant height uniformity among precision sowing seeds was not significant, while comparing with common Zhengdan958, the difference was significant. The difference of plant height, leaf area among all testing varieties was not significant, while the single plant dry matter was different. The difference of yield between precision sowing seeds and common cultivar Zhengdan958, among nine precision sowing seeds was not significant, while the difference between precision sowing cultivar Zhengdan958and common cultivar Zhengdan958was not significant.Compared with the seed quality standard of Xianyu335, the gap of maize ordinary seed and precision seeds in our country lies in the seed processing quality, seed emergence force, emergence percentage, emergence index, vigor index, and so on. The standard deviation and coefficient of single seed weight are at about0.0426and15.98, seed emergence force and emergence percentage are over90%and95%, and emergence index is at70%or so. The above indicators can be adviced as the quality reference standards of no-tillage and precision sowing maize in our county.The trend of emergence force and emergence percentage of different grading was the same among three types of maize varieties (horse tooth, half horse tooth and hard grains), the second level was highest and the third level was lowest. The bigger with the same cultivar of seed, the better with the single plant dry weight. The trend of germination ratio, germination rate, germination uniformity and plant height uniformity was the same. The seeds realizing the mechanized no-tilling precision sowing of summer maize must be the seeds single sowed with gradel-2.2. Water, agronomic measures and water-retaining agent influenced the sowing quality of no-tillage precision planting in summer maize. The compaction after sowing combined wheat straw mulching was not only propitious for increasing soil moisture content, but also benefit for balancing and improving the status of soil temperature through the function of heat preservation. The seedlings were tidy and sturdy because the seedling growth conditions were improved. The numbers of soil rhizosphere microbe bacterium, actinomycete, fungi and the activities of soil urease enzymes, invertase also improved. The agronomic technology integration could be utilized to increase the ability to resistance of soil drought stress and ensure high seedling quality. For ensuring high quality summer maize seedlings in Huanghuaihai Plain, the soil water should be higher than60%of field moisture capacity at sowing time. And water-retaining agent should be added to use in the conditioned place.3. There were differences of the effects of the mechanized sowing summer maize and seedling stage corn growth situation among different types of the tidal soil body configuration. The plant height, leaf area, single plant dry weight, leaf Pn, SPAD of ULDC all were best in different growth stage. The numbers of soil rhizosphere microbe bacterium, actinomycete, fungi and the activities of soil urease enzymes, soil invertase enzymes were also higher at jointing stage and later growth period. The yield and1000-weight of this kind of tidal soil body configuration was highest. The nutrient contents of residues soil nutrient after summer maize harvesting was in the same way.4. Seed manure affect seeding effect of no-tilling precision sowing in summer maize. Reasonable application of N, P, K seed manure on the seedling quality, root dry weight, root volume and root number were the best among all these treatments. The leaf SPAD, leaf Pn, yield and1000-weight of N, P, K treatment was highest and the yield-increasing effect was greater than the NP, NK, PK fertilizer combination.5. Different treatments of winter wheat residues including returning straw(RS), high stubble with mulched(HS) and Zero stubble(ZS) had difference of no-tilling precision sowing in summer maize. Returning straw was advantageous to enhance the soil moisture content, balanced and improves top soil temperature condition. The leaf area, single dry weight of ZS and were best than other treatments at3th full expansion leaves, while the plant height, single dry weight, leaf area, leaf Pn were highest and its yield at6th full expansion leaves was the same trend. Returning straw provided good ecological conditions to the mechanized sowing summer maize and benefit for growth and yield.6. There was significant difference between single technology processing and integration technology processing of no-tilling precision sowing in summer maize. The treatment of JC combined precision seed, compaction, returning straw, and seed manure, and its soil moisture content, seedling quality, SPAD, leaf Pn, yield and benefit were highest among all these treatments. The difference among the treatment of JC, single technology processingand CK was significant. |
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