| Water is always described as the source of life, the key factor of production and the foundation of ecosystems. Some water-deficient countries or regions solve the problem of water shortage through inter-basin or inter-regional water diversion; however, how to balance the interests of stakeholders in a certain water diversion project has always been a knotty issue.The Hilly-gullies Loess region in central Gansu Province, characterized by Huining County, is only blessed with 130 m3 of water per capita, accounting for less than 6% of national average. The extreme water stress poses serious challenges to the region’s sustainable development. Tao River locating in upper reaches of the Yellow River, is an important tributary and averages 4.92 billion m3 of water runoff per year. It equals to 17% of natural inflow of water from upper Lanzhou segments of Yellow River’s master stem. Tao River Water Diversion Project (TRWDP) is the largest water diversion project in Tao River’s master stem, the phase one of which was launched in 2006 and scheduled to complete by the end of 2012. With Jiu Dianxia Hydro-junction as its flagship, the project aims to firstly raise the water level and then to by gravity divert the water to the six key counties in Gansu province:Anding Prefecture, Longxi County, Weiyuan County, Lintao County,Yuzhong County and Huining County, all located in arid loess hilly region of central Gansu Province. It is to offer 1.3 million people with the living water, as well as the industrial water, the planting water, the breeding water and the ecological water.Taking TRWDP as an example and under the guidance of Public Growth Theory and Governance Theory, the dissertation discusses the foundation of constructing a mechanism to balance the stakeholders’interests in water diversion projects. The design of specific propositions follows the natural process of beginning with water intake and ending with sewage. It discusses such basic questions as major aspect, quantity basis and guarantee conditions of Interest Balance Mechanism, pulling out the uppermost interest relationship from the public problems that might trigger. The dissertation focuses on the following four key aspects:water rights distribution, benefit compensation in water resources areas, benefit sharing of water resource supply chain and pollution rights allocation.The dissertation makes an assumption about human nature and systemically summarizes the Public Growth Theory and Governance Theory after defining three basic concepts of public, governance and stakeholder. It mainly consists of the following six parts:Part one is the analysis of water attributes. Systemically analyzing the natural, economic and social attributes of water resource, this part summarizes the six characteristics of TRWDP. It is the basis of studying interests balance relationship.Part two is the interpretation about water rights. This part points out that water rights should include the configuration, using, operation and disposition right, and that the cross using of water right classification mark results in confusion of water right’s content. Also it puts forward the centralizing trend of the world water rights as well as much of the characteristics on water rights of TRWDP. Accordingly, thinking of TRWDP’s water resources’disposition should adhere to the general principle of "equity first, matching with efficiency and sustainability", the dissertation uses methods of quota, AHP and entropy to allocating water. Due to the TRWDP is a non-profit public welfare project, we should choose AHP method Configuration program as the implementation plan.Part three devotes much space to ecological compensation of water source. There are many domestic researches on ecological compensation, but few related with interbasin or interregional water diversion. The dissertation discriminates the relationship of regional interest compensation, evaluating on compensation metering method, deciding to adopt the combination of Cost accumulation and opportunity cost method to calculate the compensation amount. The amount of compensation is extremely close by above two methods, but differing in the ratio of compensation structure. In contrast, the opportunity cost method, based on the regression analysis, shows the ideal results.Part four focuses on benefit sharing and interests balance along the longitudinal water resources supply chain. One of the features of this dissertation is the analysis on the water price system linkage adjustment based on the water user’s tolerance. Jiudiaxia Hydropower Station, TRWDP company, waterworks, farmer water users’ association and various types of water users form the distinctive characteristics of quasi-three level supply chain of water resources. The dissertation uses the pricing model of "full cost+user’s tolerance+government subsidies". Based on a great number of investigations, the dissertation calculated the bearable water price range of agricultural irrigation, aquaculture, industry, rural residents and urban residents’living water; basing on the survey of typical waterworks in the receiving area and Farmer Water User Association in Zhangye city, it inferred theoretical water price. According to the investment data of phase one of TRWDP, it calculate the cost price and profit plus price of different types of water use of TRWDP company.Part Five is the interpretation about emission rights. In this part, the dissertation proposes the concepts of broad and narrow emission rights, and analyzes the characteristics of emission rights of TRWDP. The conclusion is that the initial configuration of emission rights of TRWDP should be based on the principle of "sustainability priority, taking into account the efficiency and fairness " and select the composite indicator configuration mode, using the method of AHP and entropy to allocate the environmental capacity of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Ammonia-N of the Yellow River among related counties in Gansu Province; considering the amount of pollutants from diversion incremental, the Intake Area sewage treatment is facing a hard task.The final part attaches great importance to some safeguard measures of benefit sharing and interests balance among stakeholders. This part still follows the path of water source to water end-users, basing on the analysis of benefit balance relationship and its quantitative research. These conditions are natural integration of the specific action of the government, the market, enterprises and society while balancing the benefit, which are well joined with the four main propositions of the dissertation. This part includes 7 countermeasures and ideas of the Tao River water resources, water source compensation, market transactions related to the resources, investment efficiency of water corporation, water resources’supply chain management, agriculture and industrial water use efficiency. |
PDF Full Text Request