Study Of Modern Shipping Administration Of Hubei Province (1928-1949)

Shipping industry is an important part of transportation, in the social operation and development plays an extremely important role. The management of the shipping industry, namely the navigation administration, to maintain social and economic development and ensure good shipping operation is necessary. Navigation administration in modern China was gradually built up after the new shipping industry was introduced into China. In this process, the management right around the shipping problem, under the background of different time the powers and the Chinese government,central authority and local institutions, the conflicts between government and businessmen,and so on unceasingly. Later generations only pay attention to know navigation administration system of relations with the Chinese government and the powers, and neglect the social conflict inside the vehicle.Wuhan as the center of Hubei shipping industry is the hub of the shipping industry in modern China. So the setup and operation of modern navigation administration of Hubei province and the change of relevant examples and facts, to show the modern navigation administration, implementation details and the process of building evolution, can highlight the modern Chinese society to a certain extent and allocation problems in the process of power construction and its impact.The new modern means of transport ships introduced into China along with western gunboats. The prosperity of the trade with China as the powers between the ship to an endless stream, increasingly developed coastal areas of China’s shipping industry. When the Qing government faced the new question of modern shipping management, selected the control to a foreigner of customs management, the modern Chinese customs began to management of shipping administration, and set up the initial navigation administration management system. The modern earliest shipping administration authority was Jianghan customs in Hubei, led by the customs. To the end of the 19th century and early 20th century, the rapid development of Chinese modern transportation, people understanding of modern traffic change. The Qing government was established in the central of mail transfer by the competent communications department in 1906, began to gradually recover the flight regime. In this process, the Jianghan customs gradually from navigation administration competent authority to the executive mechanism of policy, the key performance was the management of the shipping industry association. Because of Jianghan customs control in the hands of foreigners, in management often have the disadvantages of bias in favor of ocean shipping, and because the central authority of the loopholes in management entities, defects in the policy implementation of yellowing.With the development of modem shipping industry of Hubei province, the management of the area shipping from pure government orders, gradually set up their own shipping administration authority, to further grasp and expanded navigation administration management right, the navigation administration, the emphasis on the ship registration administration. After moving back navigation regime in the 1920 s, local customs and the ministry of communications to cruise the division of power limit contradictions, eventually lost in Hubei place in the competition for most of the management control, and further to inland shipping business. After that big business disputes around inland shipping management. Hubei local government with the ship accident prone as an opportunity, will be the hosting of inland river shipping, although carriers under the organization of shipping associations protest many times, but eventually forced to ship due to the government management, through the inland river navigation wheel supervisory committee in a certain extent, played a role in supervision and management, to maintain its own interests. Hubei official with administrative monopoly created the Merchant-supervised and Government-managed mode, its essence is the enterprise integration, enterprise management, after initial consolidation, due to monopoly has brought many problems. In the hosting of the ship after the expiration of the time limit, the government is forced to make big business by administrative means of the joint venture, although carriers have protested, not cooperative attitude, but in the end business joint venture. As a business organization between inland river navigation round the brewing of the board of directors and produce, reflects the continuous game.After the outbreak of Anti-Japanese War, a large number of materials and refugees, special management pattern of inland river shipping in Hubei province has played a positive and efficient role in transportation. Hubei inland shipping after the big business of the joint venture because of the reduced reductions, ships, etc., Hubei provincial government will ship back to carriers, for a private shipping from operation and management to the management oversight, and Hubei private shipping almost lost due to war, the public sector and shipping can only maintain basic water traffic, its due to the natural environment, in the operation of the real board and its system problems, lead to trouble. Because of the National government’s wartime traffic control policy, the ministry of communications also strengthen the control, and navigation regime in Hubei province further decline.After the victory of Anti-Japanese War, the Hubei province public shipping gradually restored, and through various raise money, and regional cooperation, accept supported puppet ships developed rapidly, in the inland river shipping management attempts to return to its pre-war monopoly of inland water transportation route, has been the challenge of foreign and local private shipping company, with the support of the ministry of communications for failing to succeed, and their shortcomings and difficulties in operating yellowing. After the reorganization of the weak,but instability has not been able to fundamentally solve the problem.Modern navigation administration of Hubei province in times of great change in modern China, around the problem of management control.continuously produce the contradictions and entanglement is one of the many sides of society in modern China,which formed the special business overseers of Merchant-supervised and Government-managed mode is rare in modern Chinese history. It reflected the modern system construction and change of the business relationship, it is also worthy of thinking deeply.