The History Of Building Technology From The Neolithic Age To The Bronze Age In Inner Mongolia,china

Up to now, studies of architectural history from the prehistoric age to the Bronze Age in China are always limited to one specific archaeological culture. More researches target at the layout of settlements, while less focus on architectural structure and technology. So the systematic study of architectural history at one area is blank.The materials of building from the Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age are relatively abundant in Inner Mongolia. But as the remote part of Chinese Civilization, most reports prefer to describe the well-preserved materials. Based on those archaeological results, this dissertation aims to reconstruct the history of prehistoric architecture.This dissertation, based on typological study, compares the structure,adornment and processing of typical houses at different areas. This dissertation includes four major sections.The first chapter mainly discusses the topic selection, research methods and relevant backgrounds. This dissertation focuses on two areas of Inner Mongolia, which have continuous sequence of archaeological culture. The two areas were identified as central-south Inner Mongolia and southeastern Inner Mongolia.The main part of this article is Chapter II and Chapter III. In order to get familiar with the environment of the research area and to lay thefoundation of the subsequent analysis of the environmental resources, the first section of each chapter would introduce the natural environment of the two regions; Section II would respectively give introductions of the archaeological culture of two regions, providing the time frame for material classification of section Ⅲ. Through a large number of credible archaeological materials, especially the materials of buildings, section Ⅲclassifies the house construction in different geographic units. And through the study of plane shape, construction material, structure(Column hole arrangement, pit stove location and shape, doorway) and building technology, we can understand the changing trend of architecture in different archaeological culture. Archaeological typology usually based on maps, photos, tablets and word, which could be easily understood. The plane shape of house, column hole arrangement, pit stove location and shape, all these layout of house construction suggested that people applied new technology and materials into construction to adapt to natural environment and humanistic environment, which affected by social organization, marital relations, family relationships, relations of production and so on, so that they could improve their living condition as possible as they can. The section IV mainly summarized the development and the change of buildings, and gave a further discussion of the role of human beings at the process of building technology by the changing details of buildings.Chapter IV gives an analysis of comprehensive factors via tablets,graphs and examples to make a scientific statistics and analysis of the number, area, settlement planning and location of house and to provide data and visual evidence for further discussion to the history of building technology. It has proved that Inner Mongolia is a region with fragile climate and environment. With the changing social organization, its location and exchange of cultural systems from different regions have an influence not only on the shape, structure and size of its building, but also layout, planning and even differentiation of its settlement. The multiple factors analysis also suggests that the development of building technology was affected by various factors, which are different in the degree of influence.The fifth chapter is the conclusion, which synoptically summarizes the views of this dissertation and raises the questions. It was suggested that effectively strengthening relations between archaeology and architecture in the future work will open up the new prospects of the early history of ancient Chinese building.