On Spatial Distribution And Regional Difference Of Water Wells In Qin And Han Dynasties

Water is the source of life. If there were no water, it would bring huge negative impacts on production and life. The emergence of the wells had important significance for human society as a water-supply method. In a sense, the emergence of the wells was an important characteristic and manifestation of the civilized society. Chinese civilization got great development in Qin and Han dynasties, and water wells in Qin and Han dynasties were a very important part of Chinese civilization and played an important role in social development.The water wells in the Yellow River valley were mainly distributed in Guanzhong area, the central plains and Heibei plains. Besides quadrate and irregular wells, the rounded wells were in the majority in Guanzhong area in the Yellow River basin, which had water wells made of pottery, brick, tile, earth and multiple materials. The well remains in Qin and Han dynasties were mainly distributed in the palaces and departments in Xianyang and Changan in the Wei River basin, but few had been found in the agricultural area. The water wells in Guanzhong area mainly did not use to agricultural water but domestic water. The reason is that many irrigation canals were built to irrigate farmlands. Besides quadrate and irregular wells, the rounded wells were also in the majority in the central plains.Except Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Xuchang, Luohe, Kaifeng and Hebi, other places in the central plains found wells. The water wells were mainly distributed in smelting iron and pottery making workshops in Zhengzhou, Nanyang and Zhumadian. Besides domestic water, the water wells were used in handicraft production. The rounded wells were in the majority in Heibe plains, and they were mainly distributed in settlements and agricultural areas, Besides domestic water, the wells are used to irrigate farmlands.The Yangtze River valley includes southwest China in the upper Yangtze River basin, Hubei and Hunan areas in middle Yangtze River and Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas in the lower Yangtze River. The water wells in the Yangtze River were mostly distributed in Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai and so on. The rounded wells were in the majority in southwest China, which had water wells made of pottery, brick, earth, stone and multiple materials. The wells were mainly distributed in cities in Chengdu plains and vital communication lines, and they played an important role in agricultural society. The reason is that the extension of smelting and casting technology and ironware paved the way for water conservancy construction.Besides quadrate, polygonal and arched wells, the rounded wells were in the majority in the middle reach of Yangtze River, which has wells made of pottery, brick, tile, wood, earth, stone, and multiple materials. The wells were mainly distributed in cities in the roads between Nanyang and Xiangyang, Han River valley, the basins of Xiangjiang and Zishui river. The area was the political and economic center and had a large population and was near to rivers. Besides rivers, the wells were one of important water sources. Besides irregular wells, the rounded wells were in the majority, which had wells made of pottery, brick, earth, stone and multiple materials. The wells were mainly distributed in the areas to the east of Hongze lake, Huaihe valley, Jianghuai area and salt sites along coastal line. The reason is that the density of urban distribution in Huaibei area is much bigger than that in Huainan area and the density of urban distribution depended on agricultural economic development level.The Great Wall in the article mainly refered to the Great Wall built in Xihan dynasty. The wells in areas along the Great Wall were founded in Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Neimenggu and Jilin and so on. Besides quadrate and irregular wells, the rounded wells were in the majority in the areas along the Great Wall, which had wells made of earth, brick, pottery and stone. The wells were mainly distributed in towns and cities along silk road and the border areas. Besides domestic water, they provided handicraft industry with water.The areas along coastal lines in Qin and Han dynasties included the northern, eastern, and southern coastal areas. The water wells in north coastal areas in Qin and Han dynasties were founded in Hebei, Tianjing and Liaoning. Besides quadrate wells, the rounded wells were in the majority, which had wells made of pottery, brick, earth, stone and multiple materials. The water wells were mainly distributed in Jinshanzui in Qinhuangdao, the imperial palace ruins in Qin and Han dynasties and west of Tianjin city. The wells were used for domestic water. There were no well ruins in Qin and Han dynasties along Bohai sea, and it has something to do with transgression in Han dynasty. The water wells in eastern coastal area were mostly distributed in Shandong area. The water wells were all rounded wells, which had wells made of pottery, earth, brick, tile and multiple materials. The wells were mainly distributed in smelting iron and pottery making and copper smelting workshops and settlements. The reason was that the iron-making industry made great progress and had an important position and the wells were used in handicraft industry on the basis of the iron-making industry in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period.The water wells in southern coastal area were mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian. Besides quadrate wells, the rounded wells were in the majority, which had wells made of pottery, brick, earth, wood and multiple materials. The water wells were scatteringly distributed in the location of junzhi in coastal areas and towns near the vital communication lines. Besides domestic water, they provided handicraft industry with water.The spatial distribution of water wells in Qin and Han dynasties showed the characteristics of regionality, difference and diversity. There was difference in the well shapes, function and spatial distribution and reasons in the Yellow River basin, the Yangtze River basin, areas along the Great Wall and areas along coastal lines.