Research On The Transformation And Corresponding Strategies Of Urban Space In The Network Age Of Rail Transit

At present, China’s urban rail transit construction is entering the fast, focused,orderly and large-scale stage, many cities are being or about to enter the network eraof rail transit. Comparing to traditional modes, urban rail transit’s uniquecharacteristics determines that it will has an impact on the urban space which is basedon the traditional transport mode, and the development of network structure willenhance the transformation. Therefore, in the context of rail transit network, theevolution trends of urban space and the corresponding strategies has become the coreissue of this paper.Firstly, through the comparison of urban transport modes, summarize thecharacteristics of rail transit which has a special impact on space, and considers thatrail transit’s the more intense "space convergence" feature, the more prominent "nodecluster" characteristics and the more obvious "level contact" feature, changes theexpansion way of urban space and the organization of centers, enhances the value ofthe land along it and adjusts the land use, changes the design-orientation of urbanenvironment from car-oriented to people-oriented.Secondly, this article based on three dimensions of space, economy andenvironment, constructs the spatial response framework of urban space to the railtransit network from urban spatial structure, land development and utilization andurban space environment, and uses questionnaires, multivariate statistical analysis,hedonic price model, rational point method and other qualitative and quantitativeanalysis methods, from the perspective of theoretical analysis and methodology toexplore the spatial response strategies dealing with the rail transit network. Then takethe center districts of Tianjin as the empirical study object, presents the specificspatial response strategies.On the urban structure level, this paper proposes the implementation path of thecompact urban spatial structure under the guide of urban rail transit from two aspectsof exterior and interior space. The extension of urban space needs to rely on theorganic evacuation of urban functions within the limited space around city, in order toguide the displacement of population. It is to say, the organic evacuation of urbanfunctions is the premise and key, and spatial agglomeration is the foundation andguarantee. As to the interior space, it needs to evacuate the urban functions to the railtransit stations of different levels, and at the stations to begin a new round of functiongathering to form the city centers of a clear hierarchical levels and division of functions. It is to say, the function gathering is the basis, and the spatial diffusion isthe key.On the land development and utilization level, the paper adds the time dimensionbased on the existing research in the scope of real estate increment along urban railtraffic, that is, from the time-spatial perspective, analyzing the scope of real estateincrement in different stages of rail transit in planning, construction and operation,and it has a great meaning to understand the real estate increment mechanism causedby rail transit and to make the strategies of land around the stations. Then, in thescope, the paper proposes the method for determining the mixed-function’s spatialdistribution from the perspective of maximizing the land revenue, and the method fordetermining the reference floor area ratio from the perspective of rail transit’s efficientoperation.On the urban space environment level, considering walking as the main mode inconnection of rail transit, the paper mainly discusses the design methods of theenvironment of rail transit stations based on the idea of walking-friendly. Through thequestionnaires carried out, identifying the main factors of the walking environment:security, convenience, continuity, comfort, identifies guiding. Then, on this basis,from two aspects to discuss the design method: construct the continuous andconvenient walking network; create a safe and comfortable pedestrian environment.Based on that, this paper take the center districts of Tianjin as the empirical studyobject, presents the specific spatial response strategies. On the urban structure level, itneeds on one hand to build the functions agglomeration area around the city, on theother hand to form the space structure of multicenter. On the land development andutilization level, it needs to arrange the functions’ spatial location based on their landrevenue, and identify the reference floor area ratio to gather enough people for railtransit’s efficient operation within the scope of real estate increment. On the urbanspace environment level, in order to achieve the walking-friendly oriented design, itneeds to strengthen the construction of branch roads, reducing the pedestrian routedirectness; build three-dimensional pedestrian network, reducing the pedestrianwaiting time; rationally allocate the road right, improve the landscape of road; rich thestreet interface, increase three-dimensional road greening; perfect the identificationguide system and rich the street furniture design.