On Soundscape Of Traditional Settlement In Eastern Guizhou From Perspective Of Acoustic Ecology

Soundscape is domestic emerging research and the new trend of high-profile in recent years, which is to solve the various acoustic pressure brought by the increasingly accelerating city development. At the same time, because of revealing an ethnical or regional characteristic of ecology and culture, as a method of soundscape research, acoustic ecology advocates collecting data of soundscape and analyzing acoustic characteristics from ecology and culture respectively. Moreover, along with protecting and using endangered acoustic heritage, soundscape research is an important content which is to protect regional culture integrity. Under the framework of soundscape classification in acoustic ecology, this thesis took natural ecology and social culture characteristics of eastern part of the Guizhou traditional human settlement, which was used to analyze objective acoustical properties of different sound source and sound field characteristics of special space. On the one hand, it can provide available sound source for landscape design. On the other hand, after protecting soundscape of local special culture and in special society as precious heritage and constructing protected theory combine soundscape with landscape, it can make up deficiency of traditional human settlement space in acoustic aspect. Furthermore, it hoped to as a start of carrying out the related research gradually in Chinese traditional human settlement and space.This thesis chose the soundscape of traditional human settlement in eastern Guizhou as the object, therefore it explained from two respects of ecology and culture. According to natural, humane and social characteristics, the thesis divided sound landscape into Keynote sounds, Signals and Marknotes as the main framework. Through analyzing kinds of sound source, audio spectrum characteristics, culture peculiarity, constructing and simulating models of acoustics spread characteristics in space, it tried to use the most scientific survey data to explain ecology and culture characteristics in soundscape of eastern Guizhou. The main researching method was field investigation, assisted by literature review. Aiming at various kinds of existing sound source, acoustic characteristics of human settlement space, acoustical reception of traditional performance space, this thesis chose various methods, which include central location test, movement test and reverberation time test. Test result uses acoustic analysis software of analysis, statistics and comparison in objective acoustic index including SPL, frequency spectrum, RT, and sound field simulation.After researching, on the level of ecology, this thesis summarized the main kinds of natural sound source and find out their main characteristics, such as Biasha Hmong’s chirp was main in high frequency without low frequency sound, the main different of bicker which is located in different drainage basin, and the distinction of pitter-patter sound pressure level and frequency spectrum between inside and outside courtyard. In addition, it established models of climate characteristics of soundscape and acoustic spread models of typical space in human settlement of Hmong’s mountainous region and Han’s courtyard region. Then on the level of culture, it obtained out the main characteristics of acoustic objective index in soundscape of traditional folk-custom and production, including the characteristics of background and environment noise of Hmong’s market, difference and similarity between large gong and small gong, constructed factors of sound field and frequency spectrum characteristics of main sources in Hmong’s traditional festival soundscape，and also found out “music language” characteristics of local minority language by acoustics of speech. Finally on the level of society, it revealed the frequency spectrum characteristics and social function of traditional single signal sound source such us roer and wooden drum, highlighted the researching on the meaning of signal soundscape and the leadership of Dong drum-tower, and then got distribution characters of sound field in Hmong’s Bronze-drum square and Nuo opera stage courtyard, such as SPL, EDT, RT, STI and so on. Furthermore, by imitating the general principles of intangible cultural heritage protection, and combining with an research of ecological and cultural impact factor and current situation in traditional human settlement of eastern Guizhou, this thesis also construct relative protection theory idea of traditional soundscape protected design and built up the a soundscaoe database, to make sure those precious soundscape sources can be protected and used more reasonably.