The Construction Of Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS)Based On Ecological Effects Assessment In Yuanmingyuan Garden

Recreation plays an important role in urban residents’life. In modern society, managers and scientists have paid more and more attention to how to use parks reasonably where residents often spend their spare time. From2009to2011, the environmental quality monitoring was carried out in Yuanmingyuan garden about ecological effects and recreational suitability of green space. The characteristics of visitors’behavior were investigated and summarized in the garden. Recreation opportunity spectrum (ROS) was established to match recreational needs of visitors in the fitness space of Yuangmingyuan garden, and discussed the role of guiding recreation. The research has achieved the following main conclusions:(1)The green apace has developed high level ecological effects in Yuanmingyuan garden. The obvious microclimate was formed, especially humidifying&cooling effect of plant creating the hot and humid conditions in the garden better than that of other urban environment in spring, summer and autumn. It was significant that plant communities have reduced concentration of air total suspended particulate (TSP) in Yuanmingyuan garden, especially plant communities of Arbor-Surb-Grass type, Arbor-Shrub type, Arbor-Shrub beside waterfront type. Inhibition against airborne microbes was performed strongly in green space, and content of airborne microbes was relatively low in plant communities with arbor as main body, but the content of bacteria was relatively high in the plant communities with more complex structure, higher density and canopy density. Green space had the remarkable function of sound reduction which was influenced mainly by plant community structure characteristics, canopy density, width of green space and noise characteristics. Air negative ions were generated at a high level, and effect of air negative anion was more significant in greater green quantity, higher canopy density and the places closer to water in the garden. Good ecological effects have made a solid foundation to create appropriate recreation spaces in Yuanmingyuan garden. (2) The ecological benefits have played a good portion in promoting recreation suitability of environment in yuanmingyuan garden. The comprehensive evaluation was implemented from three aspects of natural, social and aesthetic on recreation suitability of environment in yuanmingyuan garden. The results have showed that spring and autumn were suitable leisure time in microclimate of yuanmingyuan garden. The content of airborne microbes has kept at "best appropriate" or "better appropriate" level in a whole year. From the perspective of TSP level, summer was favorable but winter was unfavorable to recreational activities and waterfront places were more suitable for recreational activities than other places far away from the water. Effect of air negative ions kept at a high level from in May to November, so that outdoor environment was very suitable for recreational activities, especially in summer. Quality of acoustic environment was higher in summer except July, and plant communities of Arbor-Surb-Grass and Arbor-Shrub type were suitable for recreational activities which needed quiet environment. The scenic beauty degree of landscape was mainly determined by green coverage, accessibility of green space, artistic and cultural conception, distance to water, harmonious degree of architecture and environment, and value of cultural relics.(3) Recreational activities were divided into four types:sports, sightseeing, leisure and theme in Yuanmingyuan garden. Main factors influencing recreational motivation of visitors were garden environment and landscape architecture culture. Such factors as microclimate characters, structure of green space, distribution and sorting of cultural sites and service facilities, have influenced visitors’ behavior directly or indirectly.(4) Amount of ROS was identified on Yuanmingyuan garden. These were generally divided into five types:most, more, moderate, lower, lowest suitable recreation opportunities.(5) Ideal application about ROS has been put forward, which is "Front of recreation" system. Its construction can be formed by three parts:platforms, function and application objects.Based on the assessment of ecological effects, the paper introduced ROS theory into organization and management of recreational activities in parks, and also discussed the application prospect of ROS under the background of the current smart tourism development. Results of the research will have the certain practical values in management of recreational activities in urban parks.