| China is seriously short of water, which has become one of the main factorsconstraining social and economic development of the country. Stormwater has neverbeen effectively used as a valuable resource while the whole country is trying to solvethe problem of water shortage which has caused tremendous waste of resources, butalso bear the enormous cost of flood control and drainage. Therefore, stormwaterresource is put forward as a measure of the flood control and mitigation of waterresources crisis.This article combines with the new system economics, the economics of propertyrights, resources and environmental economics, western economics theories andstormwater management practice at home and abroad. It comprehensively makes use0f normative analysis, positive analysis, game analysis methods, and analyzes thethree kinds of economic attributes of stormwater, and gets inspiration from economicattributes of stormwater to stormwater management. Besides, it discusses thenecessity and feasibility of stormwater management mode conversion and thestormwater management mode selection, and then put forward organizational policymatching the stormwater management mode conversion. In the end, it promotesstormwater management as an industry and puts forward the corresponding policy.(1) The economic attributes of stormwater. Stormwater has three different kindsof attributes: the attributes of stormwater as public goods, public bads and Privategoods. We can get the inspire of stormwater management mechanism from theeconomic attributes of stormwater:①since stormwater has the attributes of publicgoods, we should treat the stormwater as a precious resource and make use of it.During the maintenance or the production process of stormwater resource, theproducers with the pursuit of maximizing their own interests, may have "hitchhike"motivation, namely "market failure", so we must introduce a new system arrangement.The ways the institutional arrangements take depend on the specific situation ofrainwater environmental problems and the constraint condition, and sometimesrequiring multiple use of different institutional arrangements.②If each and every family all discharge rainwater, there will be a situation of " from the rain to flood ",which will exacerbated the formation process of stormwater, thereby causing thepublic bads of the stormwater. In order to reduce the flood disaster, we shouldconverse the stormwater management from the old mechanism to a new one, namelyby traditional waste management converse into rainwater collection and utilization ofstormwater management, and the public bads" turn harm into benefit", so that the raincan truly become valuable resources.③According to the private property attributes ofstormwater, the government can take corresponding incentive measures, andencourage each stromwater utilization property unit consciously collect and utilizestromwater, and promote the stormwater management as an industry. This is also theadvanced form of stormwater management mode conversion of our country. In orderto make a better development of the stormwater industry of our country, we mustformulate relevant policies and system to make the stormwater industry with bettereconomic benefits and social benefit, develop and make use of huge potential of thestormwater market, and develop the stormwater utilization industry.(2) The management mode conversion of stormwater. In our country, stormwatermanagement mode conversion is not only necessary but also has great feasibility. Therainfall distribution and landing site differences lead to stormwater management mainbody diversification, so that the management patterns are diversified. The mainpatterns include:①The city government public storm water management model. Thegovernment plays a very important role in rainwater collecting, and the rainwaterutilization mode belongs to the public service pattern choice.②City Districtstormwater management mode. Generally, rainwater in city district comes mainlyfrom the roofing, road, lake and the green.③Rural public stormwater managementmodel. Rural government flood management can be divided into three aspects: first,play a good role of rainwater collecting surface through collecting project, and collectthe runoff of rainwater. Second, make a stormwater catchment storage through thewater storage project. Third, infiltrate good infiltration, and repair of water resourceenvironment through the storage and infiltration project.④Rural residential(single-family rural life) stormwater Self-sufficient model. Rural single household rainwater utilization system mainly comprises a rainwater collection system,rainwater storage system, rainwater purification system etc.(3) The organization policy of stormwater management mode conversion. In thelight of the low status of rain flood resources utilization rate in our country, usinggame theory, analysis that the government and enterprises, construction units,residential property, and individual residents follow a complete information staticgame equilibrium--Nash. So the government plays a very important role in rainwatercollection and utilization. If the government is contributive for rainwater collectionand utilization, the enterprises and institutions, the construction units, property andindividual residents will benefit from it. The countryside is also the case.But the government cannot afford all the inputs to meet the stormwatermanagement needs, and in order to solve this kind of" prisoner’s dilemma", thegovernment should publish corresponding policy and regulations related to the unitmanagement, change the management concept of people in rainwater collection andutilization, improve the public awareness of participation or co-operation ormandatory laws and regulations to improve the unit ’s participation, so as to achievereasonable and effective management of the stromwater, and to improve the efficiencyand level of stormwater resources utilization.The article analysis the finite rational game of the rural residents by using thegame theory of" single population evolutionary game--two symmetric game", oncethe government make use of incentives with one part of the rainwater collection andutilization technology of residents, it will soon receive a promotion. So the relevantgovernment departments should take corresponding measures to make a part of ruralhouseholds for rainwater utilization technology pilot, make the rural householdsbenefit from the stormwater utilization. Then let the other single households havegreat power to imitate, thereby allowing more single households use stormwaterutilization technology to collect the utilization of rain, treat the rain flood as aresource, and solve the problem of water shortage in the local.(4) Stormwater management model upgrade--industrialization policy ofstormwater management. Stormwater utilization industry refers to a set of enterprises which make rainwater collection and supply water to the demanders. In order topromote the utilization of stormwater industry development, we must makecorresponding system to guide the associated enterprises which do rainwatercollection and utilization, government and user with their selection of rainwaterutilization behavior. And the premise of developing the system is to clear varioussystem operational mechanism.Therefore, analysis of the intrinsic mechanism of stormwater utilization industryformation and development--enforcement mechanism, interest mechanism and moralmechanism, is the premise of which we establish corresponding system and policy. Ithas the significant practical significance. There are generally three paths of Industryformation and development, namely market from hairstyle, type of government breed,type of market and government combination.In the initial stage of formation and development of stormwater utilizationindustry, we should choose the path of Industrial Development mainly with type ofgovernment breed, supplemented by the industrial development path. In order to helpthe stormwater utilization industry get better and faster progress, we must formulaterelevant policies and system to make stormwater utilization industry producing bettereconomic benefits and social benefit in our country. Develop and use the hugepotential of stormwater resource to develop the stormwater utilization industry. |
