Research On Environmental Risk Zoning Comprehensive Assessment And Information Management System For Water Pollution

With the development of the Chinese economy, the significant increase in the number of chemical enterprises is causing a serious threat to the environment security of the surrounding water. Under the new normal form of the Chinese economy, the connotation and extent of risk have made water environmental risk a more complex management proposition. The old risk management model, which is static, considers administrative divisions as individual assessment units, and focuses only on sources, is unsuited for the new situation of modern risk management. Therefore, risk managers urgently need a more current risk management model which can handle greater complexity.In the development of information technology, multi-dimensional models and information technology have proven to be efficient techniques for dealing with high-complexity problems. Information technology, with its extensive computing power, its ability to perform in-depth data mining, and its fast network transmission capabilities, makes possible the real-time, dynamic, and precise management of water environmental risk.In this study, based on a dynamic refinement management model, a corresponding risk assessment system is proposed, and an information system platform is established. These provide a new method for environmental risk assessment of water pollution accidents.In this study, according to the requirements of contemporary risk assessment and management, a SARM(Sources, Areas, and Receptors Management) spatial and temporal risk management model has been proposed. SARM has the following characteristics: in the main system, the management object is refined into three main elements: risk sources(S), regions(A), and direct receptors such as rivers(R). From the temporal standpoint, dynamic management of risk sources has been achieved, and the drawbacks of traditional static assessment have been avoided. From the spatial standpoint, risk zoning control has been achieved, and the disadvantages of low accuracy in traditional risk assessment, which uses entire administrative units as the assessment entities, have been avoided.Depending on the SARM management model, a system of H\V\E assessment indices was established, corresponding respectively to the S\A\R objects. The E index was divided into two sets of dynamic and peak values, using the dynamic risk zoning assessment and peak risk zoning assessment respectively. These three indices(H, V, and E) were assessed by multivariate statistical and GIS methods. Self-organization mapping(SOM) multivariate statistical method was used to analyze the sample points and perform clustering analysis. Finally, three index values(H, E, and V) were calculated using the Hasse diagram technique(HDT). According to these results, the leading risk factors were analyzed. Distance weighting and a time axis were introduced into the risk index model. Using the improved risk index model, a dynamic risk zoning assessment model, a peak risk zoning assessment model, and a regional risk comprehensive assessment model were constructed. Moreover, the trends of each risk source over time and the risk intensity level of the entire river system were obtained.According to the SARM model and the HVE assessment method, a SARMIS risk source management information platform was established by integrating cloud computing, Big Data, networking, and GIS technologies. Using this system, the integration of physical resources needed for risk calculation and management can be achieved, and the need for a lowest-cost SARM management model can be satisfied by means of the three-layer cloud computing architecture. Based on the integrated core assessment model, all the functions were gradually set up, and the requirements of the management model were satisfied. The risk management model is supported by an information platform.Harbin City was selected as the research application object for the SARMIS system and was verified as a practical and feasible application area for SARMIS. Using the SARMIS platform, results for the H\V\E indices, dynamic risk zoning, peak risk zoning, and regional total risk in Harbin City were obtained. Based on these results, the following conclusions were drawn. Highly hazardous risk sources include polyatomic phenol and methanol in ZM coal chemical industry, phenol and two benzene storage tanks in LX petrochemical enterprise, methanol in YM bloc, alcohol in SL pharmaceutical co., ltd, and liquid chlorine in HE chemical industry, whereas toluene in DJ plant and acetone in HY bloc were low-hazard risk sources. The western and northeastern portions of Harbin City, especially in urbanized districts, were the most highly environmentally vulnerable zones, whereas the central part of the city was less vulnerable. Phenol and two benzene storage tanks in LX petrochemical enterprise had the highest predicted exposure level and the widest impact range of this high level, whereas toluene in DJ plant showed the lowest exposure level. T he impact range of four risk sources in ZM coal chemical industry were smaller, but the predicted exposure intensity was higher. Polyatomic phenol and methanol in ZM coal chemical industry, and phenol and two benzene storage tanks in LX petrochemical enterprise had the highest risk value and the largest zoning area of grade I, whereas toluene in DJ plant had the lowest risk value, and its highest-grade zoning level was only grade IV. The regional comprehensive risk values of five risk sources in LX petrochemical enterprise were at the highest grade. Due to location factor limitations, the regional comprehensive risk values of four risk sources in ZM coal chemical industry were at a lower grade, but had high risk strength. Toluene in DJ plant fell into the lowest grade and the other areas into the medium grade of regional comprehensive risk value. Based on these assessment results, management countermeasures and suggestions for reducing the accident hazard of risk sources and improving the ability to control regional environmental pollution disasters have been proposed.In summary, The SARMIS system platform provides complete support for the SARM management model. SARMIS not only embodies a new risk-source management theory, but also provides new information technology management tools for administrative departments. SARMIS is a safeguard for regional environmental security and has practical significance and value to improve the regional environment in the new normal period.