Research On Urban Air Pollution

Air is the life of the earth. Along with the rapid development of social economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the population size and the quantity of motor vehicles are increasing. The air pollution in cities is becoming more and more prominent, and has become an unavoidable reality in the life of urban residents. Formulation and implementation of environmental policy has been imminent, and this policy can improve the air quality by limiting and reducing motor vehicle emissions. The effect of environmental policy and its implementation will be different because of the difference of regional and pollution sources, and it has more important practical significance for the study of the policy effects of single and single pollution sources.In this paper, on the basis of domestic and international literature review, in the Internet with big data integration, on the basis of "pressure- state- response" framework, gradually refining from global to local(china, lanzhou, municipal districts), an assessment methods and specific applications of the short-term and long-term effects of the air quality effects of the vehicle limit line policy(command control environmental policy) are given. And we have designed a kind of differential motor vehicle parking fees as an economic incentive environment policy to improvement air quality as the goal. Concretely speaking, the research content contains the following several progressive levels:Firstly, the scope of the study was determined by quantitative method. From the macroscopic point of view of the whole country, by means of quantitative analysis, through transforming the air quality index indicators, using comprehensive evaluation method to research the country’s air quality of the key cities; based on the results of comprehensive evaluation as the dependent variable, according to the whole city scope and municipal district statistical caliber to build the regression analysis model, estimates the overall impact of human activities(including population and economy) on the air quality, in order to explain why the selection of "Lanzhou city", "motor vehicle pollution sources", "motor vehicle limit line policy" as the research object.Secondly, Analysis of the short-term effects of the air quality of the vehicle limit line policy, including the overall effect and the microscopic time effect. Based on the limited scope of the study, through crawling and integrating the heterologous data from internet, controlling sample period, building the Regression Discontinuity Design, calculates the overall effect of short-term air quality of motor vehicle limit line policy, for nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide and inhalable particles. On this basis, by means of functional analysis, put forward the functional virtual variable regression model, to measure the micro effect of motor vehicle limit line policy. The results show that motor vehicle limit line policy has a short-term effect, and effects of air quality change in a day to present the "U" shaped trajectory, in accordance with law of human activity.Thirdly, Analysis of the long-term effects of the air quality of the vehicle limit line policy. Based on the limited scope of research, On the one hand, using the scene simulation methods, in the results of the short-term effects, with people shopping behavior environment "pressure" as the breakthrough point, based on the historical data of motor vehicle quantity, S type curve prediction and scene simulation analysis, the results is that vehicle limit line policy is obtained the invalid over a long period of time. On the other hand, from the incomplete information, the welfare loss, game theory, cost- benefit and non economic efficiency standards, analysis the long-term effect of limit line policy, it is concluded that the limit line policy in the implementation of long-term, the effect will gradually weaken and tend to be invalid conclusions.Fourthly, the design of the economic incentives environmental policy. In view of the motor vehicle limit line policy’s short-term availability and long-term unavailability, aiming at the improvement of urban air quality. This paper tries to design an economic incentive environment policy. By means of the aided survey design of big data from Internet, the questionnaire survey and observation as the data base, the distribution function fitting as a tool, through the design of the differential parking fees, we get indifference pricing, two ladder pricing and three ladder pricing as a different kind of pricing strategy about motor vehicle parking fee standard, which consistent with the short-term effect of the motor vehicle limit line policy, and can avoid long-term unavailability of the motor vehicle limit line policy.Fifthly, based on the above calculation, analysis and foreign experience of control and management of air pollution in vehicles, we put forward some environmental policy as the direction and way of thinking, in the meantime, which is improved aspect of the environmental policy.