The Study Of Inner Mongolia Ecological City Construction Under The Perspective Of Interests Analysis

The ecological city construction is a regional development strategy of guaranteeing the sustainable development of the regional environment, economy and society. Different from environmental governance, ecological city construction emphasizes the environmental, economic and social interests coordination and common development, and the three parts are indispensable. No economic foundation supporting, the environmental construction and social development can only be empty talk; at the cost of the environment to develop economy, and the blind pursuit of GDP, will cause the human survival environment deterioration and loss the foundation of the sustainable development, of society. Therefore, environmental protection, economic development and social progress are closely related and complement each other. As a new concept of urban governance, the ecological city construction should be free from the single management mode of traditional administration of "centralization, homogeneity, and omnipotent", and establish a management system mode of "decentralization, diversity, and dynamic" to build the ecological city, improving the quality of the regional ecological civilization construction.Inner Mongolia not only has a third of the national grassland and thousands of wild species, but also owns China’s largest rare earth base, and it is the northwest important coal, steel, gas reserves, which belongs to the typical resources city. The Inner Mongolia autonomous region tries to create an important ecological security barrier of the north in response to the central government policy of ecological city. However, as a complicated system project,ecological city construction has the feature of externality, non-excludability and interests inseparability, resulting the "selective enforcement","free rider", and government and enterprises illegal alliance and many other issues during the construction process. Thus it results that the interests subjects shift their own responsibility to others, and the multi-interests bodies’behaviors of pursuing interests hinder the smooth progress of ecological city. So the first problem to be solved of promoting the construction of ecological city is how to guide the subjects operate in the direction of the public interests.The theory of interests analysis provides the proper research perspective for the ecological city construction. According to the theory, we can analyze the action strategy of local government organizations, enterprise groups and public interests groups these three kinds of subjects through three aspects "interests cognition, resource condition and interests incentive", finding out the influence on ecological city construction. And the analysis of the function of subject’s action from the perspective of interests mainly as follows:first, the interests demand causes subjects tend to make some kind of behavior, and it is the motive power of subject to choice behavior; second, the combination of interests demand and demand resources will promote the subject to make some specific behavior strategy, so resource condition provides the material base for subject behavior motivation to change into specific action; as the subject behavior motivation into concrete action provides the material basis; third, the interests incentive provides the system safeguard for the occurrence of subject’s behavior. Through building the incentive system, it sets up a gateway and scope for the subject in and out of a certain activity; for some subjects, it has established a set of incentive regulations and reward and punishment measures, which adjust people’s interests of gains and losses, prompting subjects to make final decision after comparing their costs and interests. Such analytical structure closely connects subject’s behavior with the interests cognition, resource condition and interests incentive.The theory of interests analysis analyzes each interests subject’behavior, regarding "comparative advantage" as the hypothesis. As the natural representative of the public interests in the ecological city construction, the local government is the master of public power and public resources. Affected by the political tournament, fiscal decentralization and perfomance, the interests cognition of local government is induced to swing between the government interests expansion and public interests. Due to different interests motivation, the ways they interacting with other interests subjects are not same, which producing positive alliance and negative alliance two action strategies. The entrepreneurial interests groups are the important regulated objects in ecological city construction, and interests maximization is the dominant driving force of their action. But the differences of resource conditions of various types enterprise, along with the absence of government regulation system, weak social supervision system and the imperfect market mechanism, provides a powerful institutional environment for enterprise groups to set up "the benefit partnership" by benefit capture,"network of relationships " and lobbying local government officials. Then these enterprise groups begin blind profit-seeking behavior; but some small business groups which do not have interests interaction capital can only choose temporary solutions such as " you come I close; you leave I open; you fine I run".The environmental protection organization is the typical public interests group, and social influence and cohesion strengthen resource mobilization ability of the organization. But bound by the government management system, some organization’s "legitimacy" and resource condition are restricted, and it often occurs "strategy dilemma":the phenomenon of "selective aphasia" and nothing done when facing of environmental events. So organization credibility declines obviously. A part of the public groups which have no formal organization to based on, use parade, demonstration and group events behavior to draw the attention of government agencies and enterprise group in order to safeguard their basic rights and interests, under the environment of the lack of interests expression system and benefit compensation system; and some public influenced by narrow personal desires, often accept private enterprises "bribery" in order to maximize material interests, so that ignore the phenomenon of infringement of the individual interests. It is visible that the subject produces certain behavior motivation based on self-interests cognition. They effectively use resources in a reasonable system environment to meet their own needs, so as to promote them to select the correct behavior. Among them, the interests cognition is a driving force of the subject to act, and resource condition is the capital of subject’s action; Interest incentive is the material basis of incentive of subject’s action. System is the main means, and build a reasonable system is a major means of changing the subject’s action.Therefore, incentive system is not to change the appeal of different interests subjects, but want to set up and improve the corresponding rules to change their pursuit of self-interests behavior. So how to construct the incentive system to make them initiatively choose the subject behavior which much conform to the public interests after the accounting of cost-benefit expectations, so as to realize their own interests appeals. So this paper provides a basic guarantee to implement the incentive system from improving the system of environmental laws and regulations, and clarifying the environmental responsibilities among subjects; improving and perfecting the government management mechanism, and properly adjusting the proportion of incentive and constraint to correctly guide the local government to make action strategy; Constructing incentive system of economic type, and guiding the enterprises interests groups to actively participate in the construction of ecological city, which plays a positive energy for the realization of public interests; perfecting the public participation system, returning public right, motivating the expansion of public groups, and establishing the voluntary ecological management system, so that reduce the cost of government supervision and curb the spread of powerful interests groups influence; improving the autonomy of environmental groups, and enhancing the credibility of the organization, really playing the role of a bridge of interests interaction between government and the public. Giving the timely and accurate feedback of public real interests appeals to the government, and to avoid the asymmetric information hinders the smooth progress of construction of ecological city.