Study On The Framework Of The Integrated Management Platform For Total Discharge Control Of Land Based Pollutants In Qingdao

Total discharge control of land based pollutants is not only the basic content toachieve a resource-saving and environment-friendly socio-economic sustainabledevelopment, but also an integrated effective solutions for environmental pollutionproblems in surface water, marine and other waterbodies. China started to implementthe target total discharge control of COD reduction in2006. However, due to theinherent defects of the target total emssion control, even to take a strict governmentaccountability, the annual reduction target of about2%was not met, and the seawaterquality improvement was not ideal in the coastal area. For example, according to theChinese coastal water environmental quality communique, the COD concentration ofyellow sea in2010was approximately the same as in2005, but the area exceeding thenational second-class water quality is increased.According to the experience from the U.S., EU, and Japan, the transition fromfrom the target total load control to capacity total load control is badly needed inChina. The capacity total load control, on the one hand, chooses the allocationcapacity allocated after accurate numerical calculation of environmental capacity asquantitative management criteria, thus, the reduction responsibility can be assigned tospecific administrative regions even to the sewage units, on the other hand, exacutesthe integrated supervision so that the integrity of management can be effectivelyimproved. However, the capacity total discharge control is a multi-phased processincluding terrestrial polluting source and receiving coastal water bodies, it is also aintegrated continuous dynamic management with multi-level and multi-node, thus,not only a developed scientific management process, but also a more intelligentnetwork management platform are needed. The purpose of this research is to establish and improve the managementprocesses of land based pollutants total discharge control in Qingdao, and on thisbasis designing a framework of the integrated management platform, which canprovide scientific and technical support for the transition of total discharge control.The four main contents are as follows:(1) Based on the experience learn from theUnited States, European Union, and Japan in the total discharge control, andconsidering the situation of Qingdao, the management processes of land basedpollutants total discharge control of Qingdao was established.(2) The operatingprogresses of the key functional modules in the management processes, including thetotal discharge calculation, the quantitative management indicators system and themanagement system, were designed.(3) Based on the management processes, anintegrated management platform for total discharge control of land based pollutants inQingdao was established.(4) Based on Microsoft. NET Framework and ArcGISEngine development platform, and C#as development language, the running of thekey functional modules is established in the integrated management platform.The main achievements are as follows:(1) The management processeses of total discharge control of land basedpollutants in Qingdao was established and improved. Based on the advancedexperience of US, European Union and Japan, and considering the current situation oftotal discharge control in Qingdao, the management processes of total dischagecontrol of land based pollutants in Qingdao was established and improved. TheEnvironmental Protection Department of Qingdao plays the integrated charging role,the management processes contained seven sections, which were identification of theimpared waterbodies, identification of the discharge responsibility unit, datamanagement, the quantitative management indicators system for pollutants control,the determination of the pollutants reduction, the measures for the pollutants reductionand effective evaluation. Data management, the quantitative management criteriasystem and the pollutants discharge identification were the key links of the process.Data management were not only capable of the data collection, aggregation,processing, but also pre-processing such as data filtering, checking and integrating. The discharge calculations fof districts and sewerage units were the crucial task, theformer can generally be solved by the direct statistical method, and the later can beachived by both direct and indirect methods. The results showed that the averagedifference between the load of administrative regions and the sum of the sewage unitsdischarge was about26.7%, and an average difference of47.4%when compared tothe result calculated based on the numerical model.The quantitative criteria system, the restrictive targets for the total load controlmanagement of the twelve districts and12735sewage units in Qingdao, was a serialcriteria consisted of a main target and plenty of supplymentary ones. The "maintarget" was the allocation capacity. To the administrative regions, they were theallocation of the environmental capacity, when considering the economy, population,the discharge intensity of pollution, and control technology. To the sewage units, theywere calculated based on the discharge intensity of the sewage units and measureelements, such as economy and population. Supplymentary targets were the necessaryor sufficient conditions for achieving quantitative management objectives, includingthe economy, population, the discharge intensity of pollution, the structure ofpollution sources, and discharge reduction projects (non-) binding targets.Pollutants discharge identification determined the management level of theadministrative regions and sewage units based on the exceeding discharge rate of thepollutant. The management level generally included five levels as red, orange, yellow,green and blue, which considered0%as the discriminant benchmark, and±25%asthe range of rating classification. The result showed that only the exceeding dischargerate of Chengyang District was greater than50%, and the orange management levelneeded to be implemented, other regions, which were less than50%, can be indentifedas yellow, green or blue level.15%of the community-level administrative regionsshould be identified as the red or orange management level, which mainly distributedin Chengyang, Lichang and Laixi districts, and the remaining85%were identified asyellow, green or blue management.(2) According to the requirements of the management process, the framework ofland based pollutants total discharge control network management platform in Qingdao was esteblished, In order achieve the whole process of dynamic managementof total discharge control, and solve the practical problems in the transition from thetarget total discharge control to the capacity total discharge control, such as dataintegration and sharing between different departments, establishing the quantitativeindex system, and the effect evaluation and feedback of the total discharge control, theframework were badly needed. An operating module was added to the existingtwo-ground framework, which was controlled by the environmental protectionadministrative department, and combined the professional data and basical datamodules together as the data center module, and separated the information productmodule from user interface to generate functional product layer, grouped into themiddle framework. The operating module had specialized functions such as datamanagement, functional product management, and system operation management inaddition to the regular features such as user management and security management. Inthis way, the function management module can call the model or method, andprofessional or public data from the data center module, to generate kinds offunctional information products. And the system operation management module canupdate the content of the data center module, achieve the adjustment of the functionalproducts of different user interface module, and so on.(3) The main functions of the pollutant total discharge control managementplatform were developed and operated. The management platform was built onWindows Server2003as the operating operating platform, the SQL Server2005asdatabase platform, Microsoft. NET Framework as the system developping platformand used C#language for system development. Conponents secondary developmentintegrated GIS component and the data centre modules. The functions of totaldischarge calculation and the total discharge control effect evaluation weredevelopped.All in all, the management processes of land based pollutants total dischargecontrol was established and improved accordance with the requirements of thecapacity total discharge control in this research, and on this basis a framework of theland based pollutants total discharge control network management platform of Qingdao was esteblished. The innovation point of this paper was mainly reflects bythe " Three-ground " management platform architecture, which can not only help theEnvironmental Protection Administrative Department esteblishing the integratedmanagement from the sewage unit monitoring to the effect assessment of totaldischarge control, but also meet the demond of the transition from the target totaldischarge control to the capacity total discharge control. Meanwhile, datamanagement, quantitative criteria system, and pollutant discharge identification allimplied the distinguish characteristic of this paper.