The Spatial And Timely Struture Of Birds Nest Site In The Secondary Forestry

We selected the study and the comparative plots ,in Mountain Zuojia Nature Reserve,a secondary forest,in eastern Jilin Province in March to July from 2005 to 2007,and then we analyzed the bird nest-site structures.Based on the new perspective of bide communities,the study revealed the structure of three-dimensional space-time of the bird nest site and its structure model of constructing the nest site in secondary mountain forestry.We also analyzed the function and stability of nest-site structure. The results are as follows:First,the study reveals bird nest three-dimensional structure of time and space in the mountain broadleaved forest.The results show that the phenomenon of layered space of bird nest site in the mountain secondary broad-leaved forest is quite obvious.Through comprehensive analysis of 2005-2007 nest site,Eastern Red-footed Falcon (Falco amurensis) is the highest; Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus karpowi) is the lowest.Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus),Common Magpie (Pica pica Sericea),Black-naped Oriole (Oriolus chinensis diffuses) and Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus interstinctus) are in a higher position.Great Pied Woodpecker(Picoides major japonicus) , Marsh Tit (Parus palustris brevirostris) ,Yellow-rumped Flycatcher (Ficedula zanthopygia),Grey-headed Woodpecker (Picus canus jessoensis),Great Tit (Parus major minor) and Daurian Redstart (Phoenicurus auroreus auroreus) are at the lower end of the location. Eurasian Nuthatch (Sitta europaea seorsa) and Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus montanus) are common in the middle height position.Each bird nest space distribution of each year from 2005 to 2007 is also different.Second,the study proposes the relationship between vegetation and birds nest-site structure in the mountain broadleaved forest.From the look of natural nest sites,the good natural nests are mainly white willow tree (Salix Pierotii Mig ) and Quercus mongolica(Quercus mongolica). From the point of view of bird species,among Great Tit,Great Pied Woodpecker,Eurasian Hoopoe(Upupa epops epops),White-cheeked Starling(Sturnus cineraceus),Eurasian Nuthatch and Long-tailed Tit,The tree species of them is white willow which is≥50% and accounting for 50% of the number of bird species. The tree species of 80% of Common Kestrel is Quercus;Long-tailed tits select only two kinds of trees, Salix Pierotii Mig and Betula dahurica. Black-naped Oriole would like to choose Tilia mandshurica,followed by Quercus mongolica,which account for 83.3% for the Black-naped Oriole.The nest tree species of Grey-backed Thrush (Turdus hortulorum) and marsh tit scattered;White-cheeked Starling selects only two kinds of trees, Salix Pierotii Mig and Quercus mongolica;100% of Common Magpie select Quercus mongolica as their nest tree. All of Yellow-throated Bunting (Enberiza elegans ticehursti) use ground for their nests. We make quantitative analysis about relationship between the structure of the nest site and the tree age,nest height,herbs .In the analysis of the relationship between bird nests and the grass,we find that herb cover is a good indication factor.Meanwhile we also make quantitative research of the secondary cavity nesters using artificial nest boxes,including the condition of usying artificial nest boxes;reuse rules of artificial nest boxes;the change of artificial nest boxes used at a high degree among different years and the overall elevation and relative height distribution of using nest boxes,and so on.Third,the study elaborates preponderant nests of birds nest-site structure in the mountain broadleaved forest.We compared among vertical height in the "high"position,the mean body length of birds (37.2),vertical height in the " middle"and" lower-middle",mean ((19.9 +21.3) / 2 = 20.6),and the vertical height in the "low",average (12.8) ,so that it is clear: 37.2> 20.6> 12.8. Thus we find that there exists a corresponding relationshipbetween the distribution of vertical height of birds and birds body length.From the view of the community level,there are somebirds who have more than 10 bird nests in 180 nests in L plots (on the usual ground),are: Great Tit (32),Eurasian Nuthatch (25), Marsh Tit (18),Common Kestrel (14), Grey-backed Thrush (13),Black-naped Oriole (12).There are some brids who have more than 10 bird nests in 118 nests in A plot (experimental plots) .they are: Eurasian Nuthatch (25),Common Magpie (19),Marsh Tit (14),Great Tit (13),Common Kestrel (12 ),Great Pied Woodpecker (11) and Black-naped Oriole (11).Although the advantages of nest-site in the experimental plots and the comparative plots are slightly different,but they still have the same advantages of nest sites. Therefore,bird communities with advantage of nest site in the secondary broad-leaved forest are: Great Tit,Eurasian Nuthatch,Marsh Tit;Common Kestrel and Black-naped Oriole.Fourth,we analyse the theory of the structural stability of bird nest-site.From system theory,coordination theory and dissipative theory perspective,we analyzed nest site structure of the bird community.According to system theory,any bird community is composed of certain birds,grade sequence and function. They have integrity,relevance,and timing of dynamic balance.For example,the system of the secondary hole nesting birds,the elements that make up this system are the Great Tit (3.61%),Eurasian Nuthatch (2.15%) and Marsh Tit (2.06%).They respectively occupy a certain percentage in the secondary structure of hole nesting birds,and the elements are that the birds and the birds are all linked each orther. They shared a certain space with each other. Both in the experimental plots and comparative plots,the utilization of natural holes for the secondary cavity nesters is 3.61%.It also illustrates the dynamic balance of the community of the secondary cavity nesters. According to coordination theory,in our previous some research results,for example,three-dimensional structure of bird nests of different years can be seen as "functional structure. "This functional structure is the show of the different vertical height of birds for competition and prey.According to dissipative theory,community structure of bird nest site is also dissipative structure, for the nest-site structure,including any other bird community structure in the dynamic development,must absorb the nutrients , discharge of waste and make continueus metabolism to survive. From the point of view of the community,on the one hand, communities need to get food,adequate sunlight,water and nesting material or nest resources,on the other hand,the community should produce offspring,drain out waste,compete with or drive other inappropriate species.Communities are constantly changing,from one situation to another situation,and always remain in the temporary and ordered structure which is relatively stable and highly organized.As we see,this is the nest site structure,the existence state of bird nest site in a forest,including any above-mentioned objective nest site structure in our results.We also analyzed the re-use law of the nest holes and artificial nest boxes.In short, we discuss the structure and stability of bird nest on mountain secondary forestry from different angles.This will help to understand the nest resources,niche overlap, interspecific competition,species diversity and other related issues. Meanwhile,these views have important guiding significance to the balance of forest ecosystems, maintain ecosystem stability,construction and management of conservation area.