| "Three Farming" issue is an important issue for the development of China's economy and society, and it is one of the bottlenecks which restricts the coordinated development of China's economy and society, that is to say it related to the success of China's modernization. The core of the "Three Farming" issue is the farmer problem. In our china, the economy developed rapidly and the people's living standards improved obviously simultaneously, there has been a certain degree of social injustice phenmena, while farmers do not have an effective protection of social security which has become the largest vulnerable groups in society, so we can know it is the unfairness of our society's most outstanding performance at the moment.For the social security system, people has been paying more attention to the fairness, while the efficiency problem has not given rise to enough attention, the practice of rural social security at home and abroad, especially the proving of the practice to the building of the rural social security system in our China, neglecting the efficiency for the social security arrangements will lead to an institutional crisis.Heilongjiang is a major agricultural province, rural population is 17.777 million, accounting for 46.5% of the total population, poverty groups is a large scale, about 240 million farmers'per capita net income bellowing the relative poverty line (per capita net income 870 yuan) in our province, which accounts for 12.7% of the agricultural population. Therefore, establishing and consummating realistic rural social security system has a great significance in the Heilongjiang Province which presents relatively backward economy,larger agricultural population,and biggish proportion of the rural economy. However, there has great difficulity in establishing high level rural social security system in the area of Heilongjiang Province, from the aspect of the system efficiency, studying the building problem of the social security system in Heilongjiang Province which is a traditional agricultural area, thus it has become an important research topic.In this study, it is based on the economy such as welfare economics,social security and the theoretical basis such as management theory, adopting inductive and comprehensive analysis,theory and practice analysis,normative and empirical analysis,qualitative and quantitative analysis, systematicly analyze the Institutional Change and Development of the rural social security system in Heilongjiang Province in the status quo, and use the empirical analysis to analyze the rural social security level in Heilongjiang Province, at the same time using the data envelopment analysis to analyze the efficiency of the rural social security system in Heilongjiang Province, On this basis, putting to use the arrangement analysis to analyze the priority sequence of construction of the rural social security system in Heilongjiang Province, and then constructing the frame system of rural social security system in the Heilongjiang Province. According to the frame system, the paper puts forward the actual rural social security system mode which is suitable for the rural areas of Heilongjiang province, as we known, which respectively studied the minimum living security system in rural areas in Heilongjiang Province,the building of the new model rural cooperative medical treatment system,and the building of the rural endowment insurance system, moreover from the perspective of the efficiency of the system, it is on the basis of economic feasibility, and most importantly it puts forward countermeasure for the operation of the system mode. Hoping for this research will not only providing reference for perfecting the rural social security system in Heilongjiang province, but also providing beneficial experiences for other provinces which have similar situation, and then offers useful inspiration or help for enriching and developing the theory and the practice of the social security system in our country.
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