The Governance Of Industrial Cluster: Mechanism, Structure, Actioins And Pefermence

As a kind of new organization style, developing of industrial cluster brings the peak of production revolution. Some theory and research about industrial cluster has become hot spot in economics, management and sociology fields recently. However, one question that can not be ignored is although industrial cluster is a relative stable organization style, there still exists risk such as market failure of industrial cluster, innovation system failure and external shocks need positive collective action taken by cluster members to coordinate profit conflict of members. But as multiple connectible network organization which products synergy effect, one unavoidable solution is cluster governance. Besides, in the developing process of industrial cluster in developed countries, under relative prefect market economy condition, enterprises, government and intermediary organizations have formed dynamic equivalent to some extent, diversifi-cation governance seems relatively mature. However in the process of industrial cluster in developing countries, cluster governance structure is still not workable, and governance mechanism is not perfect yet. All these needs systematic research to cluster governance, discussing ways to realize better governance to cluster to avoid and defuse cluster risk, promoting industrial cluster to keep competitive advantage and continuous development.Industrial cluster governance is a continuous procession according to a series of formal or informal, internal or external mechanism and system aims to coordinate relationships among cluster subjects, establishing and maintaining cluster competitive advantage and taking collective action. The logistic of cluster governance is based on the relation of cluster surplus, interaction and synergy innovation. Especially interaction which is limited by whole interaction model and rules, that means the interaction behavior of cluster members always happens in some rule framework, the rule framework includes formal rule and informal one, that is governance mechanism used by us usually. Industrial cluster governance mechanism is an inside factor and regulation of kinds of governance means and methods which connect each other, effect each other and interaction with each other in cluster governance process, that is presence style and interaction ways to reach cluster governance goal. Whether the interaction of cluster members could produce synergy innovation effect, could bring increase of cluster surplus, could maintain lasting competitiveness, the key is if the governance mechanism could assure interaction and high-efficiency synergy with each other. So, governance mechanism is the base of industrial cluster governance, putting cluster governance on logistics matters as well governance mechanism is the core of cluster governance.Industrial cluster governance structure is a relationship among cluster governance subjects based on power and power allocation. The reason of basement of cluster network power is cluster network. The allocation situation determines scale of cluster surplus and allocation of cluster surplus. Cluster network power reflects power structure which departs from but connects to each other, has relative dispersal, interaction ups and downs depending on each other, centrality, structural and dynamic character. The evolution of cluster network power relationship and governance model always links with governance subjects resource, evolution of ability and change of the situation and rules. The trend and regulation of evolution could summary as some aspects as follows:evolution from balance to unbalance, from single stage to multiple stage, power of association reflects increase currency, power of local government shows diversification. Cluster surplus allocation mechanism based on network power basement possibly leads to lose of cluster efficiency dues to lack of fairness. If cluster governance could not realize efficient fairness and efficiency of cluster surplus allocation, it would lead to disposal of cluster. So, reasonable allocation of cluster surplus must be taken seriously.Industrial cluster governance action is a collective action which is taken by cluster governance subjects and aims to establish and maintain cluster continuous competitiveness advantage. All collective action that is helpful to increase cluster surplus, raise whole competitiveness of cluster can be seen as cluster governance action. The factors of influence on industrial cluster collective action includes leader enterprises, social capital, public service organization and cluster agency, local government behavior, team discussion and individual voice and so on. The current condition of collective action is very complicated, and this dissertation is based on heterogeneity preference idea, establishes a leader-follower model that includes reputation mechanism and says that the reputation mechanism has raised possibility of collective action. Whether to organize collective action or participate in collective action, good reputation mechanism would promote collective action.Industrial cluster governance performance means cluster production realized by resources which input by cluster governance behavior subjects. Factors that influence cluster governance performance include:input factor, mechanism factor, structure factor, environment factor and so on, different factors get different influence power, each change could affect cluster governance performance directly. At different stages of industrial cluster life cycle, due to differences of competitiveness and governance, will lead to different level of cluster governance performance.Industrial cluster governance is not all round, there is failure problem, including uncertain of governance mechanism, disequilibrium of governance structure, low efficiency of governance together and so on, in industrial cluster governance practice, there are many problems limit improvement of cluster governance performance. In order to promote industrial cluster competitiveness, it need to raise interaction cooperation consciousness, increase social capital stock, strengthen social responsibility awareness and enhance individual innovation ability from cluster enterprise governance aspect; it should hold activity follow rules, establish and perfect supervise mechanism, perfect association function, improve inside motivation mechanism from association governance aspect; From local government governance aspect, it should transfer government function, construct service government, support cluster agency and public service organization development, perfect industrial cluster governance mechanism, establish coordination mechanism spans administrative area, establish cluster governance performance system, make cluster policy based on fact and so on.