Knowledge Overflow And Industrial Clusters In The R & D Behavior Research

With the advent of knowledge economy era, as endogenous variables of economy growth, knowledge technology factors gradually play important roles in this arena. Economic competitions between regions or countries are increasingly represented by competitions of knowledge technologies between them. Therefore, research and development innovation, knowledge spillover as well as knowledge absorption and utilization have become internal driving source of economic development. In this era, the mode of business competitions between enterprises has changed from punctuation competition between economic individuals to massive competition between regional economies. The function of industry clusters has been increasing prominent, and it has grown to the engine of the economic development of a region or a country. The current situation of China's industrial clusters can be described in the following terms:the formation and development of the primitive type of industrial clusters arose comparatively late and it is still in the primary stage; embedded type of industrial clusters dominated by the government fail to take conglomeration effect; the development of high-tech industrial clusters lags behind. As a result, it is imperative to further explore the relationship among knowledge spillover, industrial cluster as well as R&D behavior of clustered enterprises, so that the laws governing the development and upgrade of industrial clusters and the R&D of enterprises can be re-recognized.Starting from the perspective of knowledge spillovers and setting industrial clusters and R&D behavior of enterprises as objects, this dissertation principally carries out the study in the following sequence:Firstly, the effects of R&D innovation and knowledge spillovers on the evolvement of industrial cluster are discussed. Secondly, the research mainly explores knowledge spillover and enterprises'R&D behavior in industrial clusters. In the first stage, the effects of knowledge spillovers on enterprise derivation, especially on enterprise knowledge stock are construed; the second stage investigates R&D selection of knowledge spillovers and clustered enterprises, and analyses different R&D selection adopted by various enterprises in different development stages of industrial cluster; the absorption effects of clustered enterprises on R&D innovation achievements are studied in the third stage, focusing on the knowledge absorption capacity of enterprises. Finally, this dissertation offers thoughts on the R&D environment of enterprises in industrial clusters.Based on the study, the dissertation draws the following conclusions:Firstly, the R&D innovation activities of enterprises, knowledge achievement obtained from it as well as knowledge spillovers are core factors of building industrial clusters. R&D innovation activities influence the location of industrial clusters; knowledge technology is the significant internal linking element of industrial clusters. Secondly, Under the circumstance of knowledge spillovers, the R&D innovation activities of enterprises exert essential effects on the derivation and development of enterprises. With the appearance of enterprise derivation, the knowledge spillovers effects give rise to some changes in the knowledge stock of clustered enterprises:the problem of knowledge loss will arise in the short term. However, when enterprises decide to enhance R&D input and learning, the positive effects of knowledge spillovers take shape in the long run-by acquiring knowledge. Thirdly, in different development stages of industrial clusters, the internal mechanisms of clusters and the functions of knowledge spillovers tend to be different accordingly. In the rudimentary stage, although all the clustered enterprises understand well that cooperative R&D is pareto optimal strategy, they are inclined to take their own dominance approach, namely, non-cooperative R&D strategies. However, in the period of stable industrial clusters, enterprises tend to involve R&D cooperation, owing to its positive and incentive effects; R&D cooperation between enterprises is in a stable condition. Fourthly, the process for an enterprise to create and maintain unique competition is one of R&D innovation, knowledge creating, organizing study, and absorbing and using knowledge. In this process, absorption capacity of R&D knowledge of an enterprise bears great importance,absorption capacity of R&D knowledge of an enterprise is actually a sort of competitive advantage. Fifthly, when enjoying advantages brought about by industrial clusters, enterprises would face some negative effects of knowledge spillovers, and these will directly affect the healthy development of industrial clusters.There'are two innovations in this dissertation. The first is from the perspective of knowledge spillovers, the research analyses theoretical and practical problems relating to industrial clusters and R&D behavior of clustered enterprises. Knowledge spillovers'effects on the evolution of industrial clusters have been studied from micro and medium levels respectively. In respect of micro level, the research expounds such contents as enterprise derivation, the changes of an enterprise's knowledge stock, enterprise R&D selection, R&D knowledge utilization as well as R&D environment construction with a background of knowledge spillovers; and in theoretical level, reasonable explanation for clustered enterprises'R&D behavior selections are offered, when they are facing knowledge spillovers, knowledge flows and knowledge sharing in industrial clusters. Second, related models are employed to deduce the changes of knowledge stock of clustered enterprises and the selection strategies of enterprise R&D. By referring the expended job-searching model, under the circumstance of knowledge spillovers, the research attempts to understand the changes of knowledge stock as well as the selections of enterprises. Drawing support from the extended gaming model, the R&D selection of clustered enterprises is analyzed, and the research concludes that clustered enterprises would adopt different R&D selection strategies at different development stages of industrial clusters.