Study On The Basic Model Of Dispatching Commodities Of Large-scale Emergency

In recent years, with the advancement of the industrialization and globalization and the vicissitude of social structures, many kinds of large-scale natural disasters and public healthy events are attacking the world where we survive more and more frequently, on the same time, affecting and threatening our lifestyle or even lifecycle Besides the characteristics of common-scale emergencies, the large-scale emergencies have remarkable characteristics such as the big disaster areas, the broad influence scope, the long duration, the surprising disaster crowds, quite a few of emergency demand points, the big demand of emergency commodities and the insufficient provision of emergency commodities. The large-scale emergencies problems show more complexity degree than common-scale emergencies. Not only the distribution frow a single rescuing point to multi-demand points, but also the distribution frow multi-rescuing points to multi-demand points are considered, both different commodities type and different ways in different stage of distribution are considered too. This dissertation firstly conducts a qualitative study on the entire process distribution of emergency commodity, and then conducts a more concrete quantitative study on the initial period, the intermediate stage, the last stage of emergency commodities. The innovatory achievements are as follows:Firstly, the related literatures on emergency commodities distribution focus on the small or middle scale of emergencies but the literatures on the large-scale emergencies, especially the entire process distribution are insufficiency. The premise of other researchs about various stages of distributing emergencies commodities is the foundation of thorough study. This dissertation analyzes the characteristic that the commodities distribution of large-scale emergencies is different from that of the middle or small scale emergencies, and designes the entire process model of large-scale emergencies according to these characteristics and related examples, then the elaboration of the model pointes out the movement safeguard which causes the distribution process of emergency commodities in a normal way.Secondly, this dissertation establishes a multi-objective mathematics model according to the situation that the supply of emergency commodities can't meet their demand in initial emergency period. The model takes the least emergency time and cost as objectives and takes the producing capability of every factory, cost and time arriving to the disaster areas from these factories as variables. The dissertation studies how to rationally distribute scare emergency commodities between every factory when there are no enough emergency commodities, then the related factories have to be mobilized to produce emergency commodities and transport them to disaster areas economically and quickly. A mathematical model is established by considering producing capability of every factory, costs and time spenting from every factory to disaster areas and by taking the minimum emergency time and the minimum emergency cost as objective functions. An improved fuzzy mathematics algorithm is proposed, and an example is given to confirm the validity and feasibility of the model.Thirdly, the dissertation estalishs the commodities distribution model in intermediate stage of large-scale emergencies. After a period of commodity collection, the supply of emergency commodities can meet basically the demand of various demand points in the emergency intermediate stage and the duty is how to distribute the emergency commodity from multi-supply centres to multi-demand centres. This dissertation takes the minimal emergency cost and the minimal delay time respectively, as well as integration both of them. The dissertation establishes some single-objective models and a multi-objective model when an emergency demand is a deterministic real number, an indefinite sector number or a fuzzy trigonometrical number. A fuzzy algorithm which is weighted in objectivity based on western-style distance of two demensional is presented and the example is given to confirm the validity and feasibility of the model.Finally, the commodities distribution in the later stage of large-scale emergency is studied. In the later period of large-scale emergency, there are more candidated emergency supply points and the supply of emergency commodities is sufficient. At the same time, the fast consumption goods are main emergency commodities. Based on this characteristic of the continuous dynamical demand of emergency demand point to the fast consumption goods, the dissertation discusses how to determine supply points of emergency commodities and corresponding quantities of emergency commodities at every time point according to the demand of a kind or a few kinds of emergency commodities in each time section under the premise that there are many candidated emergency supply points. It establishes a 0-1 mixed integer-programming model in order to make the emergency cost smallest and gives the appropriate algorithm to confirm the validity of the model with the example.