The Theoretical Construction For Democratic Supply Model Of Public Goods

In theoretical study and practical operation on supply models of public goods, the pure government supply model and market-based supply model are the two major dominant modes all the time. The pure government supply model is a certain typical standards and style of the supply of public goods, which is exclusive sweep by the Government to provide public goods and production, And market-based supply model is another certain typical standards and style of the public goods supply, which draws the market value, the market mechanism and market skills as well as market itself into the main areas of the supply of public goods, and gets help from the market resources to provide or produce public goods. There certainly are the need, the cause, and also the real possibility of their existence for both the two modes. However, there are some shortcomings that the two supply modes can not completely avoid by their self-improvement alone, and these flaws mostly rooted from the self-serving of Government and its staff. Therefore, it is necessary to find a complementary new model which can restrict self-serving through constraining the public power at a certain extent, thereby improving the quality of the supply of public goods, perfecting the supply of public goods categories, making the number of the supply of public goods more reasonable, and increasing the fairness of public goods supply.As democracy is a way of restricting government's public authority, and people is the real master of public goods, democratic supply of public goods came into being on a theoretical model in the difficult searching course for a new mode. The democratic supply model of public goods refers to draw democracy logos, democratic institutions, democratic methods and technology into the provision and production process of public goods, thereby trying to ensure that all citizens or most citizens have the final rule on the supply of public goods. The democratic supply model is a certain typical standard style of public goods supply.The model selected perspective at the course of the supply of public goods, unlike the sub-sector model which based on the main part of supply in the past. The basic value direction of democratic supply model is democracy, civil rights and public interest, followed by the efficiency. The democratic supply model can be divided into directly democratic supply model of public goods and indirectly democratic supply model. The directly democratic supply model may be divided into participatory democratic supply model, unitary democratic supply model and directly deliberative democratic supply model. The indirectly democratic supply model of public goods can be divided into liberally democratic supply model (It includes elitist democratic supply model and pluralist democratic supply model), authoritatively democratic supply model, juridical democratic supply model and indirectly deliberative democracy supply model. In addition, from the technical means of democratic point of view, the democratic supply model of public goods can be divided into voting democratic supply model and deliberative democratic supply model. At the same time, the voting democratic supply model of public goods can be specifically divided into directly voting democratic supply model and indirectly voting democratic supply model. The deliberative democratic supply model of public goods can also be specifically divided direct deliberative democratic supply model and indirect deliberative democratic supply model.Whether the democratic model be fully successful, be a total failure or partial success, not only depends on the methods and techniques used in the operation of the model, and also relied on all the conditions required in the course of carrying out the model. Overall, there are at least three categories very important in all conditions: the material, the nomocracy and the psychological condition. Among them, the material condition include the geographical factor, economic factor and technical factor at least, and the political freedom and freedom of expression are most important in the nomocracy condition, and in psychological condition, tolerance, compromise and common trust, suspected of spirit and realism is most representative.Owing to human wisdom is limited, it is impossible for human-being to create perfect things. Due to the progressive development of human understanding, people will inevitably found the lack of perfect things. Although the democratic model can overcome some shortcomings of the pure government supply model and market-based supply model to a certain extent. There are a number of difficulties to be resolved to make the model more functional. The supply predicament of the voting democratic supply model of public goods is mainly manifest on some voters' quality of economic man, limited sense, incomplete information, the lack of responsibility, the plight of the voting rules, the non-authenticity and incompleteness in vote selecting, asymmetric information, on behalf of capture, under-represented etc. On the other hand, the negotiating difficulties faced by deliberative democratic supply model of public goods are mainly presented at the limitation of negotiator's sense and capability, negotiating may not produce better results, inequality in consultation condition, difficult access to the operation rules of procedure as well as the limitation in promoting scope.At present, some mature conditions exist and multiple predicament faced by the democratic model shows, the model must overcome many blocking factors in order to make itself more mature. the democratic model advocates should insist the basic attitude and pragmatic approach as follow: disappointed but not despair, keep the search for hope even in disappointment, on the way of searching for hope, we must firm confidence and make all the efforts in the pursuit of success, meanwhile, learn to wait, to face setbacks and to correct mistakes in the pursuit of success.