The Research On The People's Food Security During Kangxi, Yongzheng And Qianlong In Qing Dynasty

Food is the paramount necessity for people. Relating to the national economy and the people's livelihood, food security is a important concern and problem at all times and in all over the world. As a populous country with a 1.3 billion population in current China, the safe condition of its people's food holds the pivotal position in the overall system of World Food Security. With the basic national conditions of comparatively inadequate per-capita share of cultivated land and a frequent natural calamity, Chinese food security condition has become the focus of the world's attention. There has been a worldwide great debate about the issue of Chinese food security after the publishing of Lester Brown's Who Will Feed China, hence prompted the related researcher to carry out intensive research and further thinking about it.The reign period of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong in Qing dynasty is called as the last grand time of peace and prosperity in Chinese imperial dynasty history. It is also a time of population explosion and frequent natural disaster. The difficulty and effect of its food security has certain representative in Chinese history. Therefore, the research on the people's Food Security during Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong takes strong practical significance and great academic value for the purpose of solving the food security problem in China and the world today.The research methods of this project are the combination of the analytical methods of social science and natural science, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, partial analysis and integral Analysis. The text's main contents and logical organization are as follows:Firstly, it reviews on Food Security Condition before Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong and divides the period before Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong into five historical stages: Xia-Shang and its before, the Western and Eastern Zhou dynasties, from Qin to Wei-Jin-Northern-Southern Dynasties, from Sui to Northern-Southern Song, Yuan and Ming. It summarizes the respective food security problem of each period, which laying the groundwork for the intensive study on food security the problem of Kang-Qian grand times.Secondly, it analyzes from both natural and social factors that Affecting People's Food Securiy during Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong. About the natural factors, it analyzes firstly the macroscopic geographical condition and then the specific analysis of the characteristic geographical environment during Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong. Concerned the social factor, it elaborates from different perspectives such as the change of per capita quantity of cultivated land in Qing Dynasty, widespread planting of cash crop, unproductive consumption, food distribution inequality among various social strata and so on. It provides a panoramic perspective on the understanding about the factors of this period that affecting people's food security.Thirdly, ideology precedes action and action reflects ideology. It clears up the ideas, policies and measures of safeguards for people's food security in this period in order that gaining a better sense of governmental policies and measures. The ideas are summarized as consistent striving for advocating agriculture and enriching people, advocating frugality, and paying great attention to the regional coordination of foodstuffs. Policies and Measures are the main parts of this research it summarizes the policies and measures from five aspects which including foodstuffs production, frugality and accumulation, circulation, warehousing, relieving.Finally, it evaluates and analyses on the safeguard policies and measures of people's food security during Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong.Discarding the traditional methods of analyzing from pro and con and using some research techniques of natural science, combining qualitative and quantitative analysis to investigate the relieving standard, tax remission, prohibiting policy of alcohol, and warehouse scale .