Tumed Banner Financial Studies In The Republic Of China

Tu Mo Chuan is located to the South of Yin Mountain, rounded by Black River.To the East, it is the dominance of Peking; To the West, it is the connection of Gansu Province; To the South, it is the gate of Shanxi Province; To the North, it is the throat of Mongolia. Therefore, it forms the core area of the link of Mo Bei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang, andTibet. Owing to the special geographical position and environment, Tumed, which is carried out the "One System Policy", all along walked as the pioneer of immigration and cultivation area under the leading of the several central governments, from Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. As the results, it becomes the most typical social economy changed area in the whole Inner Mongolia.It experiences agrarian relations, the economic form, the national population, the social system,structure and life and so on in Tu Mo Te area. The several domains concentrated reflects the historical path and the detail of the huge transformation processes of the finance in Tumed Banner.This paper is on the unique point of view, both utilizing vice-governor's files and the Republic of China's firsthand documentaries about the city of Guihua in Tu Mo Te, which conducts the empirical study of its finance from the region social history's angle to the Republic of China. It grasps the finance in each development phase and the change clue in the Republic of China, further thoroughly analyzes the financial crisis and the social historical root in this area.Furthermore, take these as the cases, it attempts to present a historical picture of the finance and the politics, the economy and the social interaction of Tumed Banner in the Republic of China, from the multiple perspectives and the multi-stratifications, so as to reflect outline of the modern Inner Mongolia social changes.This paper explains financial management system of Tumed Banner in the Republic of China, and then takes the financial revenue and expenditure system as the core. Further thoroughly analyzes its financial revenue, expenditure scale, and the structure change. Finally, It mainly discusses the financial crisis and the social historical reasons in Tumed Banner. The full paper is composed of the introduction, the body, the conclusion and the appendix, about four parts, five chapters.It is the crucial premises that the financial management system analyzes and discusses the finance revenue and expenditure scale. The complicated financial management organization is also closely connected with the local authority around county and province of Tumed Banner in the Republic of China. It is the local most important military administration and the financial institution, led by the bureau of Tumed Banner, which participates in the related financial revenue and expenditure services by the ways of the taxation, substitute, and dispatch management. It is filled with modern color in accounting, budget, and final accounts after adopting a series of reforms in the late of the Republic of China. The basic nature of the finance is "utilizes income and expenses independently"; "pays own way does not have may" as the total characteristics. The financial revenue and expenditure system are the financial research basic content and the important support. This paper makes the thorough analysis of historical origin, basic content as well as evolution, which is closely regarded the various stages of financial revenue and expenditure system of Tumed Banner in the Republic of China. It is the scientific basis overall to the financial revenue and expenditure scale structure's change. The financial revenue scale of Tumed Banner reduces gradually in the entire Republic of China. On the contrary, the expenditure of inflation rises increasingly. It brings the heavy burden to the finance of Tumed Banner, after adopting"cooperated the pay", and the temporary armed forces administration expenses in the Republic of China. Thus, it causes the serious financial crisis, the storehouse of Tumed Banner likes to wash and to be in debt heavily. Passing through the financial crisis in the rule of the Republic of China, to the management of the National government of "making determined efforts processes" achieves the balanced finance temporarily. Under the big background, when the area is invaded by Japan, it slides to the hopeless situation soon. Then, it withers to the war of liberation time in the turbulent transformation, and enters the new era with a limp step in the end. The Willful Infringement and plundering of the local finance, resources and the right to independence are the main reason of the serious financial crisis, caused by the authority of Suiyuan. In the aspect of economy, it suffers the oppression and the exploitation; in the aspect of politics, the several Qis' status drops day after day in the Inner Mongolia in the Republic of China. It fully suffers the ethnic discrimination and the nationality oppresses policy from the Central authorities in the Republic of China. However, the financial and political crisis are the typical miniature of the variation of the society and economy. Based on the historical file data, the method of the financial history study paves the way for fully learning the financial evolution, and provides a broader space for the development of the economic history of Mongolia.