Research On Female Entrepreneurship And Influential Factors In China

With the increase of the female entrepreneurship around the world, the literatures on female entrepreneurship increase dramatically in economics and management. The research on this area is weak in China, most literature in this field are on the context of female employment research. The article, on the perspectives of environment, entrepreneurship pattern and the female characteristics, explores the female entrepreneurial behavior in the transition economy of China. It embodied human capital theories and social capital theories into the research and attempts to find the facts that influence the Chinese female entrepreneurship from the individual's personality, entrepreneurship motivation, human capital, social capital, social environment and institutions aspects. It develops a factor framework model of female entrepreneurship based on the empirical analysis. Meanwhile, it discussed the effectiveness of the female entrepreneurship support policies through the comparison of China and the westerner developed countries'entrepreneurial environment, and suggest that China should learn from the EU countries'successful experiences and take the gender consciousness into the public policy framework to promote female entrepreneurship.We discovered through the research that:Firstly, Chinese female entrepreneurship is coincidence with the"poor-pushed entrepreneurship"theory that conceptualized by the researchers. Their new firms are characterized by low growth potentialities and focusing on the traditional industries. Most of the female forced to enter into entrepreneurship because of poverty and disadvantage living situation. The crucial factor of this type entrepreneurship is their capabilities.Secondly, if taking the education background and working experiences as the measurements of human capital, we found that the working experience has a positive influence on the female's desire to entrepreneurship. And as far as the background concerned, the relationship is ambiguous. It suggests that it is the structure not the stock of the human capital that influences the female entrepreneurship.Thirdly, the"opportunity-pulled entrepreneurship"demand more social capital. With more social capital, the female obtain key resources, opportunities and support that enable the creation and development of the new firms. But all in all, the social capital they used is not the mainstream social networking, but the traditional ones that based on blood relationship. This differences result in gender disparity in doing businesses.Fourthly, the social environment influences the female's education and weakens their desire to get succeed. Both of them hinder the performance of the female in career and social position. On the other hand, the misunderstandings of the female's role,"glass ceiling"effect and public policies without consideration of gender consciousness put the female in inhospitable entrepreneurial environment and have to face more uncertainty, all of these will subsequently decrease the demand of female entrepreneurship.Fifthly, the female entrepreneurial environments are discussed, and it suggests that we should learn from the EU countries and take the gender consciousness into the public policy framework to perfect our female entrepreneurial environment and promote female entrepreneurship in China.